【摘要】 基于多年全国赤潮监测数据，本文总结了2015-2024年我国近海赤潮的发生状况，并对比1995-2014年的数据分析了赤潮暴发的变化趋势。结果表明，2015-2024年我国近海记录赤潮513次，累计影响面积58919 km~2；春夏季是高发期，秋冬季有大规模赤潮出现；长江口至福建中北部、珠江口和渤海西部是我国近海三大赤潮高发海域；鉴定出赤潮生物80种，以甲藻类和硅藻类为主。与之前20年相比，我国近海赤潮的特征总体未发生明显改变，但呈现以下发展趋势：(1)赤潮高发月份和平均单次赤潮持续时间均出现延长；(2)甲藻赤潮占比由50%增加到66.28%;(3)有毒有害赤潮呈分布范围扩大、异地成灾趋势。建议结合我国赤潮特点优化完善赤潮立体化监测预警网络，推动无人化监测设备、快速检测技术和应急处置能力的提升，以更好地应对赤潮灾害。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on national monitoring data from 2015 to 2024, this study examines red tides in China’s offshore waters and compares them with trends from 1995 to 2014. Key findings show 513 recorded red tide events affecting 58919 km~2, with peak occurrence in spring and summer—though large-scale events also appeared in autumn and winter. Major red tide-prone areas were the Yangtze Estuary to northern Fujian, Pearl River Estuary, and western Bohai Sea. Among 80 identified red tide species, dinoflagellates and diatoms dominated. Compared to the previous 20 years, overall red tide characteristics remained similar, yet three trends emerged:(1) The peak season and average event duration extended;(2) Dinoflagellate red tides increased from 50% to 66.28%;(3) Toxic red tides have spread geographically, including events caused by non-native species.To address these challenges, we recommend optimizing integrated monitoring and early-warning systems,advancing unmanned monitoring equipment, improving rapid detection technologies, and enhancing emergency response capabilities to strengthen preparedness for red tide disasters.更多还原