【摘要】 随着锂离子电池在便携式电子设备、新能源汽车及储能领域的广泛应用，大量电池退役后有价资源综合回收问题日益凸显。目前，行业多聚焦正极有价金属的回收，而石墨负极的资源价值与环境风险易被忽视。为实现资源绿色回收和高值化应用，本文系统综述了退役锂离子电池石墨负极的回收与利用技术：首先，梳理了石墨负极的剥离提纯方法，包括热处理法、电化学剥离法及化学溶剂剥离法，分析了各方法的优缺点与工艺参数；其次，总结了石墨负极的再生策略，涵盖表面处理、包覆技术、掺杂技术及复合改性，阐明了各策略对其电化学性能的提升机制；最后，探讨了废旧石墨功能化应用路径，包括石墨烯、石墨基催化剂及储能电容等高值化产品。本文为退役石墨负极的资源化利用提供了技术方向，对缓解石墨供应链压力、减少环境污染、助力“双碳”目标具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) in portable electronic devices, new energy vehicles, and energy storage fields, the issue of comprehensive recovery of valuable resources from a large number of retired batteries has become increasingly prominent. Currently, the industry mostly focuses on the recovery of valuable metals in the cathode electrode, while the resource value and environmental risks of the graphite anode are easily overlooked. To achieve green resource recovery and high-value application, this paper systematically reviews the recovery and utilization technologies of graphite anode from retired LIBs: Firstly, it sorts out the exfoliation and purification methods of graphite anode, including heat treatment, electrochemical exfoliation and chemical solvent exfoliation, and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages and process parameters of each method. Secondly, it summarizes the regeneration strategies of graphite anode, covering surface treatment, coating technology, doping technology and compositing modification, and clarifies the mechanism by which each strategy improves electrochemical performance. Finally, it discusses the functional application paths of waste graphite, including the preparation and development of high-value products such as graphene, graphite-based catalysts, and energy storage capacitors. This paper provides key data support and technical directions for the resource utilization of retired graphite anode, and is of great significance for alleviating the pressure on the graphite supply chain, reducing environmental pollution, and facilitating the “dual carbon” strategy.更多还原