【摘要】 伴随着卫星等航天技术不断发展，空间光电探测的优势和需求日益凸显，其中大气风场测量一直是空间环境测量中的热点领域之一。相较于传统的激光雷达测量方式，基于多普勒差分干涉技术(Doppler Asymmetri Spatial Heterodyne, DASH)的被动式测风仪具有宽视场、大光通量、高光谱分辨率、静态干涉和多谱线同时测量等优势，非常适用于中高层大气风场测量，将DASH干涉仪搭载在低轨卫星上即可实现300 km以下全球中高层风速和温度的测量。主要针对星载风场测试需求研制了星载DASH干涉仪，干涉仪利用多普勒外差干涉原理，通过探测展宽和谱线频移推算出发光粒子的温度和运动速度，从而分析中高层大气的动态特征。针对卫星平台和空间环境，对干涉仪进行了总体方案和工程化设计，对光机结构进行了小型化和轻量化优化，并进行了热设计、杂散光设计确保航天环境下系统的性能，实现了星载条件下DASH干涉风场测量。设计的星载DASH干涉仪体积为≤370 mm(长)×340 mm(宽)×160 mm(高)，质量为≤15 kg，测量口径40 mm。系统经过地面测试和环境试验后，于2024年成功发射升空，升空后系统性能稳定完成了国内首次星上对风场测量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective The objective of this study is to develop a spaceborne Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne(DASH) interferometer specifically designed for the measurement of atmospheric wind fields. With the continuous advancement of satellite technology, measuring the wind fields in the middle and upper atmosphere has become increasingly critical for space weather prediction, climate research, and the monitoring of atmospheric dynamics. Traditional methods, such as ground-based Li DAR or scatterometer techniques, are limited in their coverage and accuracy for high-altitude measurements. The spaceborne DASH interferometer offers a promising solution, leveraging the Doppler shift interferometry technique to measure wind velocity and temperature in a non-invasive manner that is independent of weather conditions. This innovative interferometer provides key advantages, including a wide field of view, high spectral resolution, and the ability to measure multiple spectral lines simultaneously. Its deployment on low-earth orbit satellites will enable the measurement of global wind fields and temperature profiles at altitudes below 300 km, making it an important tool for atmospheric observation.Methods The DASH interferometer operates based on the Doppler shift and spectral broadening of light emitted by atmospheric particles, using these phenomena to accurately measure wind speed and temperature. The system utilizes a diffraction grating, replacing traditional interferometric mirrors, to enhance sensitivity and resolution.The optical path is carefully optimized for spaceborne operation, with all components designed to perform under the harsh conditions of space. The interferometer captures specific wavelengths of light, primarily from oxygen atoms, to detect variations in spectral broadening and frequency shift, both of which are linked to particle velocity and temperature. The data obtained through interference fringe analysis allows for precise calculation of wind speed and other atmospheric parameters. Moreover, the system is designed for easy integration into a low-Earth orbit satellite, ensuring that the device remains compact and lightweight. The interferometer is equipped with robust thermal management and a flexible support structure to mitigate the effects of temperature fluctuations in space.Results and Discussions The results of ground testing and environmental simulations demonstrated that the DASH interferometer can effectively capture interference fringes even under fluctuating temperature and vibration conditions(Fig.14). The system’s design ensured that it remained stable and maintained high precision in measuring wind fields. The interferometer successfully passed thermal and vibration tests, with no significant performance degradation. Furthermore, the system’s compact size(with dimensions of less than 370 mm × 340 mm ×160 mm and weighing under 15 kg) made it ideal for spaceborne applications. After integrating the interferometer with a satellite, the system performed wind field measurements during a simulated space environment, capturing clear and stable interference fringes(Fig.15). The instrument exhibited minimal error in wind speed measurement,confirming that the system is capable of operating efficiently in the space environment.Conclusions This study presents the successful design and development of a spaceborne Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne(DASH) interferometer for wind field measurements in the middle and upper atmosphere. The interferometer integrates cutting-edge technology to provide high-precision measurements of atmospheric parameters, including wind speed and temperature, using the Doppler shift interferometry method. The design focused on minimizing size and weight, ensuring that the instrument would be suitable for spaceborne applications while maintaining high performance. The interferometer’s optical-mechanical structure was optimized for space conditions, with a miniaturized and lightweight design. Thermal management and flexible support structures were implemented to ensure stability and precision, even under the extreme temperature variations of space. The system’s compact size and lightweight features make it ideal for satellite integration,while the thermal and vibration tests conducted confirmed its robustness for space deployment. After successful ground testing and environmental trials, the DASH interferometer was launched in 2024. Post-launch, the system performed with high stability, completing the first-ever space-based wind field measurements in China. The system operated smoothly for six months, proving its reliability in space conditions. This successful deployment of the DASH interferometer marks a significant milestone in the advancement of atmospheric monitoring and is expected to play a critical role in global climate research and space weather monitoring.更多还原