【摘要】 近年来，光子学耦合波导体系得到了研究人员的广泛重视。由于其物理模型与凝聚态物理的深刻对应，光子学耦合波导体系可以演示丰富的新奇物态与拓扑效应。然而，其有限的空间维度极大地制约了相关研究的进展。合成维度方法的引入，为在波导阵列中构建高维物理模型、模拟高维凝聚态效应提供了新的解决方案。文中综述了光子学耦合波导阵列体系中的合成维度方法进展情况，从人造晶格合成维度方法、参数合成维度方法两大类合成维度方法入手，从基本的物理模型切入，依次介绍了基于人造晶格合成维度思想的频率合成维度方法、模式合成维度方法，与基于参数合成维度思想的绝热泵浦合成维度方法、定态参数拼接合成维度方法四种不同的合成维度方案的基本原理，并讨论了它们在耦合波导阵列体系中的具体实现与研究进展，以及其在探索高维光子学物相、设计拓扑光子学器件上的潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance Synthetic dimension methods have emerged as a powerful strategy to overcome the spatial limitations of conventional photonic systems, particularly in coupled waveguide arrays. By leveraging internal degrees of freedom such as frequency, mode, or system parameters as additional synthetic dimensions, these approaches enable the simulation of high-dimensional physical models within low-dimensional platforms. This not only facilitates the exploration of novel topological phases and photonic phenomena but also paves the way for the design of compact, robust integrated photonic devices. The synergy between synthetic dimensions and coupled waveguide arrays holds great potential for advancing topological photonics and on-chip optical processing.Progress This review systematically summarizes recent advances in synthetic dimension methods implemented in photonic coupled waveguide arrays, categorized into two main paradigms: artificial lattice-based and parameter-based synthetic dimensions. The artificial lattice approach constructs discrete synthetic lattices by coupling physical states such as frequency modes or supermodes. Frequency synthetic dimensions, realized via electro-optic, acousto-optic, or all-optical modulation, enable the observation of phenomena like Rabi oscillations,synthetic gauge fields, and Floquet topological states. Mode synthetic dimensions, implemented through waveguide bending or propagation constant gradients, offer a passive and experimentally accessible means to build higher-dimensional topological lattices without active modulation.In contrast, parameter synthetic dimensions treat structural or dynamic parameters—such as propagation constants or coupling coefficients—as continuous synthetic momentum. This allows low-dimensional systems to emulate high-dimensional topological effects, such as Weyl semimetals and higher-order topological insulators, through adiabatic parameter scanning or static parameter-space stitching. Recent demonstrations include Thouless pumping, non-Abelian braiding, and type-I/II Weyl points in parameter space, highlighting the flexibility and experimental feasibility of this approach.Conclusions and Prospects Synthetic dimension methods significantly extend the capabilities of photonic coupled waveguide arrays, enabling the emulation of complex high-dimensional physics in compact,manufacturable platforms. While artificial lattice methods excel in constructing fully connected synthetic lattices,parameter-based methods offer greater design freedom and experimental simplicity. Future research may focus on multi-dimensional synthetic lattices, non-Hermitian and nonlinear effects, and the integration of synthetic dimensions with functional photonic devices. The continued convergence of synthetic dimension concepts with advanced fabrication techniques promises to unlock new opportunities in topological photonics, quantum simulation, and on-chip optical computing.更多还原