【摘要】 肝细胞癌(HCC)是一种普遍和致命的肝脏恶性肿瘤。HCC肿瘤微环境(TME)是以局部免疫抑制为特征，起着支持肿瘤进展的动态“生态系统”。TME由多种实质细胞及间质细胞组成，严格调控肿瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭、血管生成及治疗抵抗。巨噬细胞作为先天免疫系统的核心组成部分，具有高度异质性和可塑性。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)是肿瘤生态位中关键的免疫细胞亚群，直接或间接地促进肿瘤细胞增殖与存活、新生血管形成和免疫抑制。本综述系统总结了TAM及其亚型在HCC免疫微环境中的独特作用及潜在机制，旨在为开发针对HCC的免疫治疗策略提供新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a prevalent and highly lethal liver malignancy. The tumor microenvironment(TME)of HCC, characterized by local immunosuppression, functions as a dynamic-“ecosystem” that supports tumor progression.Composed of diverse parenchymal and stromal cells, TME critically regulates tumor cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and therapy resistance. Macrophages, as core components of the innate immune system, demonstrate remarkable heterogeneity and plasticity. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM) represent a crucial immune cell subpopulation within the tumor niche, directly or indirectly facilitating tumor cell proliferation and survival, neovascularization, and immunosuppression. This review systematically summarizes the distinct roles and underlying mechanisms of TAM subtypes within the HCC immune microenvironment, aiming to provide new perspectives for developing immunotherapeutic strategies against HCC.更多还原