【摘要】 为了研究Slit2/Robo1/srGAP1在牦牛脑组织的表达，采集成年（3～5岁）牦牛脑组织，利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)、蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）、免疫组织化学（IHC）技术检测Slit2、Robo1、srGAP1、p53在大脑皮质、小脑、海马、丘脑和延髓中的表达量与定位。qRT-PCR、WB及IHC光密度分析结果显示，成年牦牛大脑皮质和海马中的Slit2、Robo1、srGAP1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著高于丘脑、延髓及小脑（P<0.05），另外p53的mRNA和蛋白表达在5个部位之间无显著差异。IHC结果显示Slit2、Robo1和srGAP1阳性反应主要分布在神经元胞质，p53免疫阳性反应在神经元胞质和胞核都有所表达。免疫荧光（IF）结果显示，Slit2、Robo1、srGAP1、p53与神经元抗体（NeuN）共定位，主要在神经元表达。以上结果表明，Slit2、Robo1、srGAP1在大脑皮质和海马的高表达，可能导致p53的表达水平降低，减少了大脑皮质和海马神经元的凋亡，使牦牛大脑皮质和海马适应高原环境。另外，以上4种因子均在神经元胞质表达，说明它们可能主要在神经元发挥保护作用。本研究为深入探讨牦牛中枢神经系统在低氧环境下的适应机制提供了基础数据。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the expression of Slit2, Robo1, and srGAP1 in the yak brain, tissue samples from the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, thalamus, and medulla oblongata were collected from adult yaks(3-5 years old). The expression levels and localization of Slit2, Robo1, srGAP1, and p53 were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR), Western blotting(WB), and immunohistochemistry(IHC). Analysis of qRT-PCR, WB, and IHC optical density revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of Slit2, Robo1, and srGAP1 were significantly higher(P<0. 05) in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus compared to the thalamus, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. In contrast, p53 mRNA and protein expression levels showed no significant differences among the five parts of the brain tissue. IHC results indicated that Slit2, Robo1, and sr GAP1 immunoreactivity was predominantly expressed in the neuronal cytoplasm, while p53 immunoreactivity was observed in both the neuronal cytoplasm and nucleus. Immunofluorescence(IF) analysis demonstrated the co-localization of Slit2, Robo1, srGAP1, and p53 with the neuronal marker NeuN, confirming their primary expression within neurons. These findings suggest that the high expression of Slit2, Robo1, and srGAP1 in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus may contribute to reduced p53 expression levels and decreased neuronal apoptosis in these regions. This mechanism could represent an adaptation that facilitates yak survival in the high-altitude environment. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic localization of all four factors within neurons indicates their potential neuroprotective functions. This study provides fundamental data for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of the central nervous system in response to hypoxic conditions in yaks.更多还原