【摘要】 为探究黑色地膜覆盖栽培萝卜对稻茬田土壤理化性质、萝卜产量及外观商品性的影响，设置黑色地膜覆盖（T）与露地栽培（CK）处理，比较分析二者土壤理化性质、萝卜的矿质元素含量、外观商品性与产量。结果表明：土壤方面，0～20 cm土层T处理的含水量、0.25～10 mm团聚体占比分别较CK提高了6和10个百分点，容重下降8.9%；但对20～40 cm土层影响较弱。相较于CK,0～20 cm土层T处理的水解性氮（68.42 mg/kg）和速效钾（162.30 mg/kg）极显著提升，分别提高53.3%和49.7%；全氮（0.44 g/kg）、全钾（0.35 g/kg）和有机质（0.92 g/kg）显著提升，增幅分别为37.5%、66.7%和37.3%；但有效磷和全磷含量均下降。黑色地膜覆盖处理较CK缓解了土壤酸化。作物方面，黑色地膜覆盖栽培极显著提升了萝卜铁、氮、钾等营养元素含量，较CK分别提高了31.7%、19.3%和18.0%；折合产量达4 579.74 kg/667m~2，较CK增产17.09%；萝卜的糠心率、裂根率、叉根率均显著降低，表皮光滑度提升，商品性良好。综合表明，黑色地膜覆盖栽培萝卜能显著改善稻茬田土壤理化性质，呈现“表层主导、深层衰减”特征，同时，萝卜的产量增加，生长指标和外观商品性也显著改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effect of black plastic film mulching on the physicochemical properties of soil and the yield and commerciality of radishes in rice stubble fields, this study established two treatments: black plastic film mulching(T) and open-field cultivation(CK). The physicochemical properties of soil and the mineral element content, commerciality, and yield of radishes were compared and analyzed. The results showed that in the 0–20 cm soil layer, T increased the water content and proportion of 0.25–10 mm aggregates by 6 and 10 percentage points, respectively, while decreasing the bulk density by 8.9%, compared with CK. The effect weakened in the 20–40 cm soil layer. Compared with CK, T extremely significantly increased the hydrolyzable nitrogen(68.42 mg/kg) and available potassium(162.30 mg/kg) in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 53.3% and 49.7%, respectively, and significantly increased the tolal nitrogen(0.44 g/kg), tolal potassium(0.35 g/kg), and organic matter(0.92 g/kg) by 37.5%, 66.7% and 37.3%, respectively, while decreasing the content of available phosphorus and total phosphorus and alleviating soil acidification. Regarding radishes, T extremely significantly increased the content of iron, nitrogen, and potassium by 31.7%, 19.3%, and 18.0%, respectively, compared with CK. The equivalent yield of T reached 4 579.74 kg/667m~2, representing a 17.09% increase compared with CK. Meanwhile, radishes of T showed significant decreases in pithiness rate, root cracking rate, and root branching rate and improvement in skin smoothness, demonstrating good commerciality. Overall, black plastic film mulching in radish cultivation could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of soil in the rice stubble field, with stronger effect at the surface layer and attenuated effect at the deep layer. Meanwhile, it significantly improved the yield, growth indicators, and commerciality of radishes.更多还原