【摘要】 为探究Ni/Al活性材料在冲击载荷下的反应路径演化及其释能机制，开展了氩气与空气气氛下的冲击释能实验，获得了Ni/Al活性材料在冲击载荷下的反应路径演化规律，明确了不同路径下的释能特性与主导机制。研究结果表明：Ni/Al活性材料在空气环境下的释能为多阶段过程：初期由金属间化合反应触发，随速度增加逐步向氧化反应增强。在氩气环境下，随着速度由1005 m·s^-1提高至1617 m·s^-1,Ni/Al活性材料单位质量化学能由0.138 kJ·g^-1增至0.209 kJ·g^-1，整体呈线性增长。而在相同速度范围内，空气环境下单位质量化学能由0.285 kJ·g^-1显著增至1.731 kJ·g^-1，呈明显指数增长，约为氩气环境下的2.07～8.28倍。1001 m·s^-1可视为本研究空气条件下释能主导机制发生转变的特征速度：低于该值时以金属间化合反应为主，高于该值后氧化反应贡献持续增大并逐渐占主导。Ni-Al金属间化合反应主导时，材料释能过程呈“快速触发-迅速衰减”的瞬态特征；当金属间化合反应与氧化反应共同作用时，释能过程则呈“快速触发-持续燃烧-缓慢衰减”的复合特征。不同反应路径对应的反应产物存在明显差异，在金属间化合反应下，Ni/Al材料经历颗粒混合、界面扩散和合金化过程，形成由NiAl金属间化合物、残余Ni/Al及成分过渡层组成的多相结构；而在金属间化合反应与氧化反应共同作用下，反应产物主要为NiAl、Ni₃Al、NiO和Al₂O₃。研究结果揭示了Ni/Al活性材料冲击释能过程中由金属间化合反应向氧化反应演化的反应路径及其速度依赖规律，可为其释能调控与工程应用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the reaction path evolution and energy-release mechanism of Ni/Al reactive materials under impact loading, impact-induced energy-release experiments were conducted under argon and air atmospheres. The reaction path evolution of Ni/Al reactive materials under impact loading was obtained, and the energy-release characteristics and dominant mechanisms under different paths were clarified. The results show that the energy release of Ni/Al reactive materials in air is a multi-stage process: initially triggered by the intermetallic reaction, and progressively enhanced towards oxidation with increasing velocity. Under argon atmosphere, as the velocity increases from 1005 m·s^-1 to 1617 m·s^-1, the specific chemical energy of Ni/Al reactive materials increases from 0.138 kJ·g^-1 to 0.209 kJ·g^-1, showing a linear growth trend. In contrast, under the same velocity range in air, the specific chemical energy increases significantly from 0.285 kJ·g^-1 to 1.731 kJ·g^-1, exhibiting a clear exponential growth, and is approximately 2.07 to 8.28 times higher than that in the argon atmosphere. A velocity of 1001 m·s^-1 can be regarded as the characteristic velocity at which the dominant energy-release mechanism transitions under air conditions: below this velocity, the intermetallic reaction dominates, and above this velocity, the contribution of oxidation reaction continues to increase and gradually becomes dominant. When the Ni-Al intermetallic reaction dominates, the energy-release process exhibits a transient characteristic of “rapid initiation-rapid decay”; when both the intermetallic and oxidation reactions act together, the energy-release process presents a composite characteristic of “rapid initiation-sustained combustion-slow decay.” The reaction products corresponding to different reaction paths show significant differences. Under the intermetallic reaction, Ni/Al materials undergo particle mixing, interface diffusion, and alloying processes, forming a multiphase structure composed of NiAl intermetallic compounds, residual Ni/Al, and composition transition layers. Under the combined effect of intermetallic and oxidation reactions, the main reaction products are NiAl, Ni₃Al, NiO, and Al₂O₃. These findings reveal the reaction path evolution from the intermetallic reaction to the oxidation reaction during the impact-induced energy release of Ni/Al reactive materials, as well as its velocity dependence, providing a reference for energy-release regulation and engineering applications.更多还原