【摘要】 金属-金属含能结构材料（Energetic structural materials,ESMs）具有一定的热反应性能和强度，可作为反应破片，其中Al基ESMs因其较高能量释放特性而被广泛研究，存在强度、塑性与冲击释放能量相互制约等问题。本研究采用球磨-旋锻工艺制备Al/Zr摩尔比为1.3∶1,Bi₂O₃添加量不同的Al/Zr/Bi₂O₃ ESMs，通过结构表征、热分析、准静态压缩及弹道侵彻试验进行研究。结果表明，适量Bi₂O₃的引入可在维持良好承载能力的同时，显著提升冲击诱导下的化学能释放。当其添加量为3%和5%时，在0.8 km·s^-1冲击速度下的释能分别达到6.26 kJ·g^-1和7.07 kJ·g^-1，较未添加氧化剂的Al/Zr体系(2.24 kJ·g^-1)提升了约2.8-3.15倍；经拟合得到该体系发生明显化学反应的速度阈值约为0.357 km·s^-1。然而，当Bi₂O₃含量≥7%时，氧化剂的严重团聚会导致界面缺陷及材料脆化，诱发冲击过程中的过早破碎，反而抑制反应。进一步分析Bi₂O₃促进Al/Zr界面反应并增强冲击释能的机理，为后续通过优化氧化剂含量实现高效能量释放的含能结构材料提供实验依据和理论支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metal-metal energetic structural materials（ESMs） possess unique thermal reaction characteristics combined with mechanical strength, making them promising candidates for reactive fragment applications. Among them, Al-based ESMs have been extensively investigated due to their high energy-release potential. However, achieving a balance among strength, plasticity, and impact-induced energy release remains challenging, which limits their further development. In this study, Al/Zr/Bi₂O₃ ESMs with an Al/Zr molar ratio of 1.3∶1 and varying Bi₂O₃ contents were fabricated using a ball milling-spin forging process. Structural characterization, thermal analysis, quasi-static compression tests, and ballistic penetration experiments were systematically conducted. The results demonstrate that introducing an appropriate amount of Bi₂O₃ significantly enhances impact-induced chemical energy release while maintaining sufficient load-bearing capacity. Specifically, with Bi₂O₃ additions of 3% and 5%, the energy release at an impact velocity of 0.8 km·s^-1 reached 6.26 kJ·g^-1 and 7.07 kJ·g^-1, respectively, which are approximately 2.8-3.15 times higher than that of the oxidant-free Al/Zr system(2.24 kJ·g^-1). The velocity threshold for triggering a pronounced chemical reaction in this system was approximately 0.357 km·s^-1. However, when the Bi₂O₃ content reached or exceeded 7%, severe oxidant agglomeration induced interfacial defects and material embrittlement, leading to premature fracture during impact and consequently suppressing the chemical reaction. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which Bi₂O₃ promotes Al/Zr interfacial reactions and enhances energy release were systematically analyzed. This work provides both experimental evidence and theoretical insight for the development of high-efficiency energetic structural materials through optimized oxidant content.更多还原