【摘要】 为明确玉米制种田亲本氮素环境对子代苗期生长的调控作用，以氮高效品种吉单27（亲本四287、四144）和氮低效品种四单19（亲本四444、Mo17）为试验材料，设置00N(纯氮0kg·hm^-2)、10N(150kg·hm^-2)、20N(300kg·hm^-2)3个亲本施氮水平，收获果穗后通过沙培试验（无氮、3叶1心期恢复供氮），分析种子特性及子代苗期生长与氮代谢相关酶活性指标。结果表明，吉单27百粒重随亲本施氮量增加而显著提升，20N处理较00N处理高12.80%，但00N处理种子发芽率最高（91%）；四单19百粒重随亲本施氮量呈先升后降趋势，10N处理发芽率最优（87%）。子代苗期表现出显著品种差异，吉单27呈现“亲子施氮协同响应”特征，无氮条件下00N处理子代植株干物质量较20N处理高26.92%，硝酸还原酶（NR）活性显著高于其他处理；恢复供氮后10N处理子代NR活性最优[52.85μg·（g·h）^-1]，较00N处理提升91.14%。四单19以10N亲本的子代植株干物质量最高，恢复供氮后根长明显增大，但氮代谢酶[硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）]未表现出协同响应特征。综上，不同氮效率玉米对亲本氮素环境的响应差异显著，吉单27受亲本施氮“记忆调控”效应明显，四单19响应不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to clarify the regulatory effect of the parental nitrogen environment in maize seed production fields on the seedling growth of offspring,two maize hybrids with distinct nitrogen use efficiencies were selected as experimental materials,Jidan 27（a nitrogen-efficient variety,parents are Si 287 and Si 144）and Sidan 19（a nitrogen-inefficient variety,parents are Si 444 and Mo17）.Three parental nitrogen application levels were set,00N(pure nitrogen 0 kg·ha^-1),10 N(150 kg·ha^-1),and 20 N(300 kg·ha^-1).After harvesting the ears,a sand culture experiment was conducted,including a nitrogen-free treatment and a nitrogen resupply treatment at the 3-leaf 1-heart stage.Seed characteristics,seedling growth traits,and the activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes in offspring were analyzed.The results showed that,the 100 grain weight of Jidan 27 significantly increased with the increase in maternal nitrogen application rate,and the 20 Ntreatment was12.80% higher than the 00 Ntreatment.However,the 00 Ntreatment had the highest seed germination rate（91%）.For Sidan 19,the 100 grain weight first increased and then decreased with the increase in parental nitrogen application rate,and the 10 Ntreatment exhibited the optimal germination rate（87%）.Significant varietal differences were observed during the seedling stage of the offspring.Jidan 27 showed a “parentoffspring nitrogen application synergistic response” characteristic showed that under nitrogen-free conditions,the dry weight of offspring from the 00 Ntreatment was 26.92%higher than that from the 20 Ntreatment,and the nitrate reductase（NR）activity was significantly higher than that of other treatments.After nitrogen resupply,the offspring from the 10 Ntreatment had the highest NR activity[52.85μg·（g·h）^-1],which was91.14% higher than that of the 00 Ntreatment.For Sidan 19,the offspring from the 10 Nparental treatment had the highest dry weight,and the root length significantly increased after nitrogen resupply.However,the nitrogen metabolism enzymes [NR and glutamine synthetase（GS）]did not show a synergistic response characteristic.In conclusion,maize varieties with different nitrogen use efficiencies exhibited significant differences in their responses to the parental nitrogen environment.Jidan 27 was significantly affected by the“memory regulation” effect of parental nitrogen application,while Sidan 19 showed no significant response.更多还原