【摘要】 飞机紧固孔的高质量加工对于延长飞机的疲劳寿命具有重要意义，而超声制孔技术已被成功应用于飞机紧固孔的高质量加工，而换能器是超声制孔工艺系统的核心部件。本文设计了一种横向椭圆振动超声换能器，旨在通过横向椭圆振动新模式，同时提高超声制孔的孔精度和孔强度。基于铁木辛柯(Timoshenko)弯曲梁理论设计了横向椭圆振动超声换能器，仿真验证了换能器的谐振频率约为27.8 kHz，振幅最大值为4.89μm。基于该超声换能器开展了钛合金横向椭圆振动超声铰削可靠性验证，试验结果表明，横向椭圆振动可以显著降低切削力、扭矩、孔表粗糙度和孔径偏差，提高表面硬度与表面残余应力，为飞机紧固孔精密强化一体化加工提供了一种新的技术途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ultrasonic hole-making technology has been successfully applied to the high-quality machining of aircraft fastener holes, and the ultrasonic transducer is a core component of the ultrasonic hole-making system. This paper designs a transversal elliptical vibration ultrasonic transducer to improve both hole accuracy and strength through this new vibration mode. Based on Timoshenko’s bending beam theory, the transversal elliptical vibration ultrasonic transducer was designed. Finite element simulation verified that the transducer’s resonant frequency is approximately 27.8 kHz with a maximum amplitude of 4.89 μm. Feasibility experiments of transversal elliptical vibration ultrasonic reaming on titanium alloy were conducted using this transducer. Results show that transversal elliptical vibration significantly reduces cutting forces, torque, hole surface roughness, and hole diameter deviation while increasing surface hardness and residual stress. It provides a new technical approach for the integrated precision and strengthening machining of aircraft fastener holes.更多还原