【摘要】 为满足高推重比发动机对涡轮叶片的苛刻要求，获得高精度与高可靠性的陶瓷型芯是制备空心叶片的关键。针对热压注成形制备陶瓷型芯存在的收缩率高、气孔率与力学性能难平衡等问题，对SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO及Y₂O₃陶瓷型芯的相关研究进行综述。聚焦优化原料颗粒级配、调控矿化剂种类、引入高性能纤维及添加第二相材料等材料设计方法，探讨其对陶瓷型芯的收缩率、气孔率、室温/高温强度及热变形量等关键性能的影响规律和内在机理。不同材料体系对同一性能优化策略的响应程度存在显著差异，性能提升机理也不尽相同。通过对比不同材料体系与优化路径间的共性与特性，旨在为未来高性能陶瓷型芯的理性设计与工艺优化提供理论依据与技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To meet the stringent requirements of high thrust-to-weight ratio engines for turbine blades, obtaining ceramic cores with high precision and reliability is crucial for manufacturing hollow blades. In response to issues such as high shrinkage rates and the difficulty in balancing porosity with mechanical properties in hot-press injection-molded ceramic cores, this paper provides a review of research on SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, and Y₂O₃-based ceramic cores. Focusing on material design approaches—including optimization of raw material particle size distribution, adjustment of mineralizer types, introduction of high-performance fibers, and incorporation of second phase materials—the influence of these strategies on key properties such as shrinkage, porosity, room-and high-temperature strength, and thermal deformation is discussed, along with the underlying mechanisms. The response of different ceramic core systems to the same strategy varies significantly, and the mechanisms for performance enhancement are not universal. By comparing the commonalities and specific characteristics of different material systems and optimization routes, this review aims to offer a theoretical foundation and technical reference for the rational design and process optimization of future high-performance ceramic cores.更多还原