【摘要】 为推进中药材生产质量管理规范（GAP）落地，提升甘肃渭源当归的品质与产量，针对当地当归生产中麻口病、水烂病及地下害虫等核心病虫害问题，2023—2024年在整合多年技术研究成果的基础上，构建了涵盖土壤处理、种苗处理、苗期浇根及叶面喷雾等关键技术的当归病虫害生物综合防控与绿色综合防控2种技术模式，并系统开展了2种模式对当归主要病虫害的防控效果研究。结果表明，2023、2024年2种技术模式均表现出显著防控与增产效果，其中生物综合防控技术模式下，当归出苗提高率分别为6.56%、14.13%，水烂病防效分别为73.72%、81.23%，麻口病防效分别为80.51%、88.76%，增产率分别为54.30%、77.46%；绿色综合防控技术模式下，当归出苗提高率分别为4.04%、12.72%，水烂病防效分别为64.52%、71.16%，麻口病防效分别为65.22%、67.75%，分别增产44.52%、61.75%。2024年对当归蛴螬的防效生物综合防控技术模式显著高于绿色综合防控技术模式。综上，当归病虫害生物综合防控技术模式在病虫害防控效果、出苗率提升及增产幅度上均优于绿色综合防控技术模式，可为甘肃渭源当归GAP标准化生产提供高效、绿色的技术支撑。同时，生物综合防控技术模式在减少化学农药使用、降低环境污染及提升当归品质方面优势显著，具备更高推广价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 To promote the implementation of Good Agricultural Practice(GAP) for traditional Chinese medicinal materials and to improve the quality and yield of Angelica sinensis in Weiwan, Gansu, this study focused on key local diseases and insect pests,including Ditylenchus destructor, water soft disease, and underground pests. Based on the integration of long-term technical research achievements, 2 technical models, biological integrated pest management and green comprehensive management, covering key practices such as soil treatment, seedling treatment, root irrigation at the seedling stage, and foliar spraying were established in 2023 to 2024. The control efficacy of the 2 models on major diseases and insect pests of A. sinensis were systematically evaluated. Results showed that both models exhibited significant control efficacy and yield-increasing effects in 2023 and 2024. Under the biological integrated management model, emergence rates increased by 6.56% and 14.13%, control efficacy against water soft disease reached73.72% and 81.23%, control efficacy against Ditylenchus destructor reached 80.51% and 88.76%, and yield increase rate reached54.30% and 77.46%, respectively. Under the green comprehensive management model, emergence rates increased by 4.04% and12.72%, control efficacy against water soft disease reached 64.52% and 71.16%, control efficacy against Ditylenchus destructor reached 65.22% and 67.75%, and yield increased by 44.52% and 61.75%, respectively. In 2024, the control efficacy against A.sinensis wireworms under the biological integrated management model was significantly higher than that under the green comprehensive management model. Overall, the biological integrated management model outperformed the green comprehensive management model in terms of disease and pest control efficacy, emergence rate improvement, and yield increase, providing efficient and green technical support for GAP-standardized production of A. sinensis in Weiyuan, Gansu. Moreover, the biological integrated management model shows notable advantages in reducing chemical pesticide use, lowering environmental pollution, and improving the quality of A. sinensied, indicating greater potential for extension.更多还原