【摘要】 主客体识别作为超分子化学的基石，在有机大环化合物卓越分子识别能力的推动下取得了显著进展.本文系统综述了该领域的研究现状，重点关注合成大环主体与各类客体分子之间的识别拆分.所讨论的客体类型涵盖药物分子、农药、生物分子(包括核酸组分、氨基酸、肽和蛋白质)、染料，以及有机自由基、离子、烃类、金属配合物和气体等更具特异性的目标分子.通过归类分析，文章总结了基于大环主体的分子识别在药物递送、环境污染物检测与去除、生物传感以及化工分离等领域的广泛应用.最后，指出了该领域当前面临的挑战，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.更多还原

【Abstract】 Host-guest recognition, a cornerstone of supramolecular chemistry, has witnessed remarkable progress driven by the versatile molecular recognition capabilities of organic macrocyclic compounds. This review comprehensively surveys these advances, focusing on the interactions between synthetic macrocyclic hosts and a diverse array of guest molecules. The discussed guest species span pharmaceuticals, pesticides, biomolecules(including nucleic acid components, amino acids, peptides, and proteins), dyes, as well as more specialized targets such as organic radicals, ions, hydrocarbons, metal complexes, and gases. The article highlights the promising applications of these supramolecular systems across multiple fields, including targeted drug delivery, environmental management of pollutants, development of biosensors, and high-purity chemical separations. Finally, the review identifies current challenges and outlines future research directions to further advance this dynamic field.更多还原