【摘要】 研究了聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）中空纤维膜的制备与后处理工艺，旨在提升其气体分离性能。通过平板膜试验得出，当PEI质量分数为30%、凝固浴N-甲基吡咯烷酮（NMP）体积分数为30%、温度为30℃、凝固时间为30 s时，可形成完全海绵状孔结构的平板膜，并成功将该凝固工艺应用于中空纤维膜的制备。针对膜表面缺陷问题，采用热水牵伸、热处理及聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）涂层等后处理工艺进行优化。热水牵伸和热处理虽然显著提高了膜的力学性能，但都会对气体渗透性或选择性有一定的影响。而采用PDMS涂层有效封堵了表面缺陷，使H₂/CH₄选择性从2.96提高至12.55。此外，通过溶液改性引入挥发性非溶剂四氢呋喃（THF）和乙醇（EtOH），优化纺丝液组成。当PEI、NMP、THF、EtOH的质量比为30∶54∶10∶6时，膜表面缺陷减少，H₂/CH₄选择性显著提升至37.12，且H₂渗透系数保持在132.52 GPU。更多还原

【Abstract】 The preparation process and post-treatment technology of polyetherimide（PEI） hollow fiber membranes were investigated with the aim of enhancing their gas separation performance. It was concluded from the flat-plate membrane experiments that a flat-plate membrane with a completely spongy pore structure could be formed when the mass fraction of PEI was 30 %, the volume fraction of N-methylpyrrolidone（NMP）in the coagulation bath was 30 %, the temperature was 30 ℃, and the coagulation time was 30 s, and the coagulation process was successfully applied to hollow fiber membrane preparation. To address the problem of membrane surface defects, post-treatment processes such as hot water drafting, heat treatment and polydimethylsiloxane（PDMS） coating were used for optimization. Although hot-water drafting and heat treatment can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the membrane, both of them will have some effects on the gas permeability or selectivity. And the use of PDMS coating effectively seals the surface defects and increases the H₂/CH₄ selectivity from 2.96 to 12.55. In addition, volatile non-solvent THF and EtOH were introduced by solution modification to optimize the spinning solution composition. When the mass ratio of PEI, NMP, THF and EtOH was 30∶54∶10∶6, the membrane surface defects were reduced,the H₂/CH₄ selectivity was significantly enhanced to 37.12, and the H₂ permeability coefficient was maintained at 132.52 GPU.更多还原