【摘要】 高氮钢（High-Nitrogen Steel, HNS）兼具高强度、高塑韧性及优异的耐腐蚀与耐磨损性能，在航空航天、生物医疗、海洋工程、模具制造及高端化工装备等领域有着广泛应用。然而，传统工艺面临氮固溶度低、需高压冶金、成本高昂的困境，难以低成本制备复杂几何构件。增材制造（Additive Manufacturing, AM）技术以其极端的非平衡冶金条件和复杂构件成形能力，为突破HNS的传统制备瓶颈提供了创新途径。系统综述了增材制造高氮钢（AM-HNS）预制含氮原料法和原位增氮技术这两种关键制备策略及其在氮含量调控、冶金缺陷控制方面的研究进展。深入分析了AM-HNS在力学性能与耐磨性等方面的强化机理，阐明了工艺路径对微观组织及宏观性能的决定性影响。最后，指出了当前AM-HNS在氮含量精准控制、缺陷与性能权衡、工艺稳定性等方面仍面临的严峻挑战，并展望了智能化工艺调控、增材专用合金开发与工程应用验证的未来方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-nitrogen steel(HNS) offers a superior synergy of strength, toughness, and resistance to corrosion and wear, leading to its critical applications in aerospace, biomedical, marine, and chemical industries. Nevertheless, conventional fabrication methods face significant limitations, including low nitrogen solubility and the necessity for pressurized metallurgy. These issues hinder the cost-effective production of components with complex geometries. Additive Manufacturing(AM) technology presents an innovative pathway to overcome these traditional bottlenecks, leveraging its unique and extreme non-equilibrium metallurgical conditions and its capability for fabricating complex geometries. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on the two key fabrication strategies for additively manufactured high-nitrogen steel(AM-HNS): the pre-alloyed feedstock approach and in-situ nitrogen alloying techniques. It further addresses the associated advancements in nitrogen content regulation and metallurgical defect control. The strengthening mechanisms governing the mechanical properties and wear resistance of AM-HNS are analyzed in depth, elucidating the decisive influence of the process pathway on the resulting microstructure and performance. Finally, the critical challenges in AM-HNS are highlighted, including the precise control of nitrogen content, the defect-performance trade-off, and process robustness. Future research directions are also discussed, focusing on intelligent process optimization, the development of AM-dedicated HNS systems, and the validation of their engineering applications.更多还原