【摘要】 了解贵州小果油茶优株的果实表型性状，为决选遗传改良材料提供依据，本研究以9个小果油茶优良单株为研究对象，测定并分析单果质量、果横径、果纵径、果皮厚度、单果籽粒数、单果鲜籽质量和单果鲜出籽率等7个种实性状，采用多重比较、变异系数、相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等方法，分析小果油茶种实性状的多样性及含油率。结果表明：小果油茶9个优株的果形和鲜出籽率最稳定，籽粒数和籽粒质量的变异程度最高，最不稳定。9个优株中以P1优株的各性状最稳定。主成分分析表明，第1主成分特征值为3.874，贡献率为55.349%，其中作用最大的性状有单果质量、果横径、单果鲜籽粒质量，说明果的大小及重量对小果油茶具有重要价值。相关性分析表明，果皮厚度与单果质量呈极显著正相关，与单果鲜出籽率呈极显著负相关，说明果皮越薄，籽粒数和籽粒质量越大，鲜出籽率越高，茶籽质量也就越高。果实大小、果皮厚度、鲜出籽率是小果油茶果实经济性状的重要指标，也是影响茶籽质量的主要指标，9个优株中果实质量和果实大小均较大的分别是P4、P7、P9、P5优株，且这4个优株的干籽出仁率和种仁含油率均高于油茶良种选育技术规程的规定值，结合产量指标，P4、P5、P7、P9优株可作为今后小果油茶遗传改良的优良繁殖材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Camellia meiocarpa(small-fruit oil tea) is one of the tree species in Guizhou Province,China.Fruit phenotypic traits of superior individuals can be used to select breeding materials.Taking nine superior clones of C.meiocarpa as research objects,seven fruit and seed traits were measured,including single fruit weight,fruit transverse diameter,fruit longitudinal diameter,pericarp thickness,number of seeds per fruit,fresh seed weight per fruit,and fresh seed yield rate.Fruit and seed traits as well as the oil content were evaluated using multiple comparisons,coefficient of variation,correlation analysis,cluster analysis,and principal component analysis.The results showed that fruit shape and fresh seed yield rate were the most stable traits among the nine superior individuals.While seed number and seed weight exhibited the highest variation with the least stability.Individual P1 shared the most stable performance over the traits.Principal component analysis revealed that the first principal component had an eigenvalue of 3.874,contributing 55.349% of the total variance.The traits with the greatest influence on this component were single fruit weight,fruit transverse diameter,and fresh seed weight per fruit,indicating that fruit size and weight played a significant role in C.meiocarpa.Correlation analysis showed that pericarp thickness was significantly positively correlated with single fruit weight,but significantly negatively correlated with fresh seed yield rate.The thinner pericarp can lead to higher seed number and seed weight,thereby increasing the fresh seed yield rate and the quality of tea seeds.Fruit size,pericarp thickness,and fresh seed yield rate are the important indicators of fruit economic traits in C.meiocarpa,serving as key factors affecting tea seed quality.Among them,the larger fruit weight and size were observed in the P4,P7,P9,and P5 clones;Moreover,the dry seed kernel rate and kernel oil content rate were higher than the standard values in the technical regulations for the oil tea breeding.Therefore,the clones P4,P5,P7,and P9 can serve as the excellent propagation materials for genetic improvement of Camellia meiocarpa.更多还原