Overcoming metal ion penetration in dynamic memristor-Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode integration for high-speed photon counting

【摘要】 Dynamic memristors(DMs) coupled with Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes(GmAPDs) break through the resistor capacitor(RC) constraints of passive quenching,yet demand integration to realize miniaturization and scalable fabrication,which is challenged by the penetration of active metal ions of DM into GmAPD’s semiconductor materials.This work introduces a practical method to tackle the issue through a dense alumina barrier layer deposition and a meticulously designed DM electrode arrangement.As a result,the dark current of GmAPD is decreased by an order of magnitude,and GmAPD resumes its reliable avalanche pulse response.The recovery time is reduced from microseconds to tens of nanoseconds(30× improvement) compared to fixed resistor quenching.The detector achieves a 10-fold improvement in counting rate at a frequency of 25 MHz.This architecture paves the way for scalable silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs) with enhanced sensitivity and timing resolution,critical for LiDAR and quantum communication.更多还原

【Abstract】 Dynamic memristors(DMs) coupled with Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes(GmAPDs) break through the resistor capacitor(RC) constraints of passive quenching,yet demand integration to realize miniaturization and scalable fabrication,which is challenged by the penetration of active metal ions of DM into GmAPD’s semiconductor materials.This work introduces a practical method to tackle the issue through a dense alumina barrier layer deposition and a meticulously designed DM electrode arrangement.As a result,the dark current of GmAPD is decreased by an order of magnitude,and GmAPD resumes its reliable avalanche pulse response.The recovery time is reduced from microseconds to tens of nanoseconds(30× improvement) compared to fixed resistor quenching.The detector achieves a 10-fold improvement in counting rate at a frequency of 25 MHz.This architecture paves the way for scalable silicon photomultipliers(SiPMs) with enhanced sensitivity and timing resolution,critical for LiDAR and quantum communication.更多还原