【摘要】 二维衍射光栅在匀光显示及光场调控等领域应用广泛，但其性能仍受限于光栅结构设计的合理性与制备工艺效率。文章基于五波干涉理论，设计了一种四棱台棱镜分光器件，采用单次性曝光工艺成功制备50mm×50mm尺寸大小的二维全息聚合物分散液晶光栅膜。在再现波长532nm时，3个不同干涉角条件下，实现对9束衍射光强度分布的有效控制，其一级衍射效率达91%，衍射比可达3:1，衍射角控制精度小于±0.5°。此外，在三醋酸纤维素（Triacetate Cellulose,TAC）膜上成功制得厚度可控的二维匀光光栅膜，经实验验证其最优厚度为40μm，该结构在450～630 nm波段内仍保持86%以上的高衍射效率，展现出良好的宽谱匀光性能。方案光路结构简洁、制备工艺可控性高，显著提升光栅制备的稳定性且匀光效果良好，为宽谱匀光显示和高性能光学调控器件提供了高效可行的技术途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two-dimensional diffraction gratings are widely used in applications such as uniform illumination and optical field modulation. However, their performance is largely constrained by the rationality of structural design and the efficiency of fabrication processes. Based on the five-beam interference theory, this study designs a pyramidal prism beam-splitting device and successfully fabricates a 50 mm×50 mm holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal(H-PDLC) two-dimensional grating film via a single-exposure process. At a reconstruction wavelength of 532 nm, effective control over the intensity distribution of nine diffracted beams is achieved under three different interference angles. The first-order diffraction efficiency reaches 91%, with a diffraction ratio of 3:1. The angular control precision of the gratings fabricated by the pyramidal prism method is within ±0.5°. Furthermore, a thickness-controllable two-dimensional uniform illumination grating film is successfully prepared on a triacetate cellulose(TAC) substrate. Experimental results indicate that an optimal thickness of 40 μm maintains a high diffraction efficiency of over 86% across the 450～630 nm wavelength range, demonstrating excellent broadband uniform illumination performance. The approach features a simple optical path structure and highly controllable fabrication processes, significantly enhancing the stability of grating preparation while achieving excellent light homogenization. It provides an efficient and feasible technical approach for broadband homogeneous illumination displays and high-performance optical modulation devices.更多还原