【摘要】 激光跟踪测边网平差方法在三维空间坐标的高精度定位中具有显著优势，其中，准确标定系统参数是实现高精度测量的关键。针对传统测边网自标定过程中几何基准不稳定与平差结果易受初值影响的问题，提出一种激光跟踪测边网平差测量优化方法。该方法通过引入提供多空间基准的定向点模型，对测站坐标进行自标定，并在组网平差过程中固定定向点坐标，实现测站坐标在统一几何基准下的联合优化求解。仿真结果表明，在测距与测点观测均含高斯噪声的条件下，该方法具有良好的解算稳定性，其边长误差控制在微米量级。通过一米标准杆测量实验，将本文方法与商业软件Spatial Analyzer(SA)组网结果进行对比验证，结果表明，在1.5 m×1.5 m测量范围内，优化后空间长度测量误差均在-0.3～4.8μm内，而SA的误差主要分布于3.0～9.5μm内。本文方法在测量精度与离散程度方面具有更优的测量性能，也具有良好的通用性，可为光学系统装调等空间测量任务提供技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Laser tracking measurement networks are widely employed for high-precision three-dimensional positioning, where accurate calibration of system parameters is essential for reliable results. Conventional network self-calibration methods often suffer from unstable geometric references, and the adjustment results are highly sensitive to initial values. An optimized adjustment method for laser tracking measurement networks is proposed. Oriented point models are introduced to provide multiple spatial references, enabling self-calibration of measurement station coordinates. During network adjustment, the coordinates of the oriented points are fixed, allowing joint optimization of all station coordinates under a unified geometric reference. The proposed method is based on the NASC model, in which rigid geometric constraints are imposed to enhance solution stability. Simulation experiments incorporating Gaussian noise in distance and point measurements demonstrate that stable solutions are achieved, with edge length errors controlled at the micrometer level. Practical validation was conducted using a one-meter standard rod. The proposed method was compared with the commercial software Spatial Analyzer(SA) through repeated measurements of two standard rod lengths within a 1. 5 m×1. 5 m measurement volume. Measurement errors obtained with the proposed method ranged from-0. 3 μm to 4. 8 μm, whereas those of SA were primarily distributed between 3. 0 μm and 9. 5 μm. The results indicate that the proposed method achieves higher accuracy, reduced error dispersion, and improved repeatability. This enhanced performance is attributed to the rigid geometric reference constraints of the NASC model, which effectively suppress uncertainty propagation during network adjustment. The method exhibits strong general applicability and supports high-precision spatial measurements, making it suitable for optical system assembly and other engineering tasks requiring micrometer-level accuracy. It provides a practical technical reference for high-precision measurement applications.更多还原