【摘要】 广西桂南地区2023—2024年冬春气候条件异常，对中晚熟荔枝品种的成花坐果造成了严重的影响。通过对广西灵山县三海街道梓木村、汶井塘等7个村6个荔枝品种调查，发现中晚熟荔枝品种成花情况极差，‘桂味’、‘鸡嘴荔’、‘禾荔’在调查的果园中几乎未见成花，可以定性属于典型自然灾害导致的“特小年”。造成中晚熟荔枝品种成花较差的主要原因有暖冬天气导致秋梢老熟后无法正常进入休眠状态，难以完成花芽生理分化；2023年12月16日与2024年1月20日两次寒潮之间的间隔时间长且中间时间段温度较高易抽生冬梢；2024年1—3月经历“升温—降温—升温”的快速冷暖交替变化打乱了树体花芽分化的正常节奏，使刚抽生的“白点”消失或转变为叶芽或是低温冻伤冻死刚刚萌动的枝梢使其无法生长。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the winter-spring of 2023-2024, the climate in the southern part of Guangxi was abnormal, which had a severe impact on the flowering and fruit setting of mid-late maturing ripening varieties of lychees. Through a survey of six lychee varieties in several towns of Lingshan County, Guangxi, it was found that the flowering conditions of the mid-late maturing lychee varieties were extremely poor. In the surveyed orchards, the varieties such as‘Guiwei’,‘Jizui Li’and‘Heli’showed almost no flowering. The year 2024 can be regarded as an “extra-poor year” for lychee fruit production, which can be attributed to typical natural disasters. The main reasons for the poor flower formation in mid-late maturing lychee varieties are as follows. In warm winters, the autumn shoots fail to enter the dormant state normally after reaching maturity, making it difficult to complete the physiological differentiation of flower buds. The interval between the two cold waves on December 16, 2023 and January 20, 2024 was long, and the temperature during the intermediate period was relatively high, which easily led to the growth of winter shoots.From January to March 2024, the rapid alternation of cold and warm temperatures(i.e.,“heating-cooling-heating”)disrupted the normal rhythm of flower bud differentiation in the trees, or caused the “white spots” that had just emerged to disappear and transform into leaf buds, or caused the newly germinated shoots to suffer frost and killed by low temperatures, thus inhibiting their further growth.更多还原