【摘要】 葡萄果实采后脱落降低了果实商品性。本研究以67份刺葡萄杂交后代为材料，以‘紫秋’刺葡萄为共同亲本，分别与鲜食葡萄品种‘玫瑰香’‘京艳’‘香妃’‘京香玉’及‘金手指’进行杂交，构建不同杂交组合群体。旨在探究果实采后脱落类型分离情况、不同群体间果柄拉力分布、果实硬度分布、果实结构差异以及果柄拉力和果实硬度的相关性。结果表明葡萄果实采后脱落可能由一个基因控制，其中湿落对干落为显性。果柄拉力在不同杂交组合后代中差异显著，且与果柄横截面面积、果蒂横截面面积呈正相关，果实结构在杂交后代中呈多样性，‘玫瑰香’与‘紫秋’杂交组合的果实硬度显著高于其他两个群体，此外，‘金手指’与‘紫秋’和‘玫瑰香’与‘紫秋’两个杂交组合果实果柄拉力与果实硬度显著正相关。本研究为果实脱落分子机制及果实结构与品质关系提供材料和参考，也为葡萄的遗传改良提供重要参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Postharvest fruit abscission reduces the marketability of grape berries. In this study, 67 hybrid progenies of Vitis davidii were used as materials, with ’Ziqiu’ as the common parent, which was crossed with five table grape cultivars(’Muscat Hamburg’, ’Jingyan’, ’Xiangfei’, ’Jingxiangyu’, and ’Golden Finger’),thereby constructing different hybrid populations. The aim was to investigate the segregation of postharvest abscission types, the distribution of pedicel tensile strength, the distribution of fruit firmness, and the differences in fruit structural variations, and the correlation between pedicel tensile strength and fruit firmness among different hybrid combinations. The results indicated that postharvest fruit abscission in grapes was likely controlled by a single gene,with wet abscission being dominant over dry abscission. Pedicel tensile strength varied significantly among the hybrid progenies and showed a positive correlation with the cross-sectional areas of the pedicel and fruit receptacle.Fruit structure exhibited considerable diversity among the hybrids. The fruit firmness of the ’Muscat Hamburg’×’Ziqiu’ hybrid combination was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between pedicel tensile strength and fruit firmness in both the ’Golden Finger’×’Ziqiu’and’Muscat Hamburg’×’Ziqiu’hybrid combinations. This study provides valuable materials and references for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit abscission and the relationship between fruit structure and quality, and also provides an important reference for the genetic improvement of grape.更多还原