【摘要】 研究阵风系数和基本风压的实际变化特征，对阵风预报、风能资源开发利用及大型工程风参数设计具有重要意义。基于山东半岛24个国家气象站2015—2023年逐时测风资料及建站至2023年最大风速资料，分析阵风系数、50 a风速重现期和基本风压的时空变化特征。结果表明：山东半岛阵风系数空间分布差异显著，其值为1.380～1.998;8—12月阵风系数较大，1—3月较小；阵风系数表现出明显的日变化特征，正午前后最大，凌晨前最小；随风速增大，阵风系数逐渐减小。山东半岛50 a重现期最大风速为18.6～33.1 m·s^-1，半岛西部和东部部分地区50 a重现期最大风速相对较小，东北部的威海、成山头和海阳、崂山等地较大。基本风压为0.21～0.68 kN·m^-2，半岛西部和东部部分地区较小(小于0.30 kN·m^-2)，东北部和南部沿海的海阳、崂山等地相对较大(大于0.41 kN·m^-2)，成山头站最大，为0.68 kN·m^-2。更多还原

【Abstract】 The variation characteristics of gust coefficient and basic wind pressure are of great significance for gust forecasting, wind energy resource development, and the design of wind parameters for large-scale engineering. Based on hourly wind observations from 24 national meteorological stations over Shandong Peninsula during 2015-2023, together with annual maximum wind speed data from station establishment to 2023, the spatiotemporal variations of gust coefficient, 50-year return level wind speed and basic wind pressure were analyzed. The results show that the gust coefficient exhibits significant spatial variability across Shandong Peninsula, ranging from 1.380 to 1.998. Seasonally, it is relatively higher from August to December and lower from January to March. The gust coefficient shows a pronounced diurnal variation, with maximum values around noon and minimum values before dawn. In addition, the gust coefficient generally decreases with increasing wind speed. The 50-year return level maximum wind speed ranges from 18.6 to 33.1 m·s^-1. Relatively lower values are observed in parts of the western and eastern regions of the peninsula, while higher values occur in the northeastern coastal areas, including Weihai, Chengshantou, Haiyang, and Laoshan. The basic wind pressure ranges from 0.21 to 0.68 kN·m^-2, with lower values(<0.30 kN·m^-2) in parts of the western and eastern regions, and higher values(>0.41 kN·m^-2) along the northeastern and southern coasts. The maximum value is observed at Chengshantou station, reaching 0.68 kN·m^-2.更多还原