【摘要】 结核病(tuberculosis, TB)是由结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)感染引起的一种人兽共患传染病。Mtb入侵宿主之后，先天免疫细胞如巨噬细胞通过处理和呈递Mtb的抗原给T细胞，从而激活T细胞并启动宿主适应性免疫应答。T细胞在抵抗Mtb感染的过程中发挥着重要作用，不仅可以分泌多种细胞因子以增强宿主的免疫反应，还能直接杀伤被Mtb感染的靶细胞，从而抑制Mtb的存活。然而，Mtb也可通过干扰T细胞活化进程逃避宿主免疫清除，导致持续性感染。本文系统阐述T细胞来源、亚群及活化机制，梳理Mtb促进T细胞活化的主要因素，详细介绍Mtb通过抑制CD4~+T细胞和CD8~+T细胞活化实现免疫逃逸的机制，并总结展望T细胞活化在抵抗Mtb感染方面的重要作用，以期为深入探讨T细胞活化在Mtb感染过程中的作用及机制提供新视角。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tuberculosis(TB) is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) infection. After Mtb invades the host, innate immune cells such as macrophages activate T cells and trigger the host’s adaptive immune response through processing and presenting the antigens of Mtb to T cells. T cells play important roles in fighting against Mtb infection, which not only can secrete a variety of cytokines to enhance the immune response of the host, but also directly kill the target cells infected by Mtb, thereby inhibiting the survival of Mtb. However, Mtb can also evades host immune clearance by interfering the activation process of T cells, leading to persistent infection of host. This paper systematically elucidates the sources, subgroups, and activation mechanisms of T cells, summarizes the main factors by which Mtb promotes T cell activation, provides detailed introduction of how Mtb achieves immune evasion by inhibiting the activation of CD4~+T and CD8~+T cells, summarizes and envisions the important role of T cell activation in resisting Mtb infection, aiming to offer new perspective for a deeper exploration of the role and mechanisms of T cell activation in the process of Mtb infection.更多还原