【摘要】 创新链“脱节”困境根植于“科学推动—需求拉动”二分认知范式割裂了两大创新动力源的有机联系。本文回归创新的本质，从知识生成、吸收与重组视角，构建融合本土需求与科学研究双重驱动的创新链分析框架，通过对跨国证据、历史经验及中国情境的分析，多维度考证其理论机理与适用性。研究表明：（1）依托本土需求的自主技术实践是企业积累实践性技术知识和增强对“科学知识”吸收能力的关键，从而成为自主创新的基本途径；（2）国内科学研究通过拓展知识边界和“专用性”指导本土技术实践提升创新质量，这种作用依赖于自主技术实践形成的吸收能力；（3）由于本土需求和科学研究作用机理及条件的差异性，建设科技强国需要本土需求与科学研究协调发展；（4）中国创新绩效偏离本土需求与科学研究“双重优势”应有水平的核心症结在于，缺乏自主技术实践的本土企业难以吸收科学知识，以及国内科学研究对本土技术实践的“专用性”指导作用不强。据此，强化依托本土需求的自主技术实践，并推动需求导向的科学研究协调发展，是破解创新链“脱节”难题和建设科技强国的重要举措。更多还原

【Abstract】 The disconnection of the innovation chain during China’s pursuit of becoming the science and technology powerhouse is rooted in the cognitive paradigm of innovation power sources based on the dichotomy of "science promotion-demand pull", which breaks the organic connection between the two innovation power sources. Returning to the essence of innovation, this article constructs an integrated innovation chain framework that incorporates the dual drivers of domestic demand and scientific research, analyzed through the lenses of knowledge generation, absorption, and recombination. We examine the logical mechanism and applicability of this framework using cross-country evidence, historical experience since 1474, and the Chinese context. The research findings are as follows.(1) Independent technology practice based on local demand is essential for accumulating practical technical knowledge and enhancing the absorptive capacity for scientific knowledge. This, in turn, constitutes the fundamental pathway to independent innovation.(2) Scientific research drives the upgrading of innovation quality by expanding the boundaries of knowledge and providing specialized guidance for local technology practice, and this promotional effect depends on the absorptive capacity formed by independent technology practices.(3) Due to the differing mechanisms and conditions of local demand and scientific research, building an science and technology powerhouse requires the coordinated development of both.(4) While China possesses the "dual advantages" of local demand and scientific research, the overall innovation performance falls short of expectations. This is primarily because domestic firms without independent technical practice struggle to internalize scientific knowledge, compounded by the insufficient "specificity" of domestic research in directing local technical practice. Accordingly, strengthening independent technology practice based on local demand and promoting the coordinated development of demand-oriented scientific research are key strategies for overcoming the disconnections inherent to the innovation chain and for the establishment of a global science and technology powerhouse.更多还原