海洋工程与技术专业的建设路径与创新实践——以西北工业大学为例

【摘要】 面向建设海洋强国的国家战略需求，高素质复合型海洋工程与技术人才的培养已成为高等教育的重要任务之一。该文以西北工业大学为例，阐述海洋工程与技术本科专业建设的背景、必要性与可行性，并介绍海洋工程与技术专业的人才培养方案设计理念、课程体系构建、实践教学模式以及创新探索实践路径。依托学校在航空、航天、航海领域长期积累的“三航”交叉优势，专业在坚守军工行业技术底蕴的基础上，探索以市场和技术需求为引领、由国防装备向民用领域拓展、从国内一体化到国际化接轨的人才培养路径。专业建设过程中，重点实施跨学科矩阵式课程体系优化、深远海装备与船舶海工新实践平台搭建、产学研协同育人机制完善，以及国际交流拓展等教学改革举措。经过四年的全生命周期建设与运行，初步形成“厚基础、宽口径、重实践、强能力、国际化”的人才培养特色，学生在工程创新能力、国家级科技竞赛等方面取得显著成效。研究表明，专业培养模式不仅为我国海洋工程与技术领域培养具有军工背景和国际竞争力的人才，也为同类高校的专业建设和发展提供可借鉴的经验与路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 In response to China’s national strategic demand for building a maritime power and advancing emerging engineering education, cultivating high-quality, interdisciplinary talents in marine engineering and technology has become a key task in higher education. Taking Northwestern Polytechnical University(NWPU) as a case study, this paper elaborates on the background, necessity, and feasibility of establishing the undergraduate program of Marine Engineering and Technology(MET). It presents the talent cultivation philosophy, curriculum framework, practical teaching models, and innovative exploration practices of the MET program. Leveraging NWPU’s long-standing disciplinary and professional integration advantages in the "three navigations" of Aeronautics, Astronautics, and Marine engineering, while maintaining the technical legacy of the defense industry,the program has explored a talent cultivation pathway guiding by industrial and technological demands, extending from defense equipment to civilian applications, and transforming from domestic integration to international engagement. Key initiatives include optimizing a cross-disciplinary and matrix-style curriculum system, developing new practical platforms for deep-sea equipment and naval architecture, improving industry-academia-research collaborative education mechanisms, and expanding international exchanges. After four years of implementation, the MET program has developed a distinctive talent cultivation model characterized by "solid foundation, broad scope, practice orientation, strong competence, and international vision". Students have achieved notable outcomes in engineering innovation, high-level competitions, and research commercialization. The findings indicate that the MET program not only supplies the nation’s marine engineering and technology sector with talents who possess both a defenseindustry background and global competitiveness, but also offers a transferable framework for professional and emerging engineering education in peer institutions.更多还原