【摘要】 在脉宽调制(pulse-width modulation, PWM)电压激励下，变频电机定子绕组的瞬态电压分布受分布电容和漏感参数的非线性耦合影响，绕组结构不连续处易因高频瞬态效应引发电场畸变，导致介质局部放电概率显著提升。精确表征脉冲电压激励下的瞬态电应力空间分布特性，是实现变频电机绝缘系统可靠性设计与寿命评估的关键技术难点。该文以某型号230 k W级船舶推进用叠绕组变频电机为研究对象，基于电磁场多物理场耦合理论，采用二维静电场模型解析槽内导体的集总电容参数，结合三维涡流场模型提取端部绕组的频变阻抗特性，通过场路协同仿真构建了定子绕组全路径多节点等效电路模型。为验证模型的电磁暂态响应精度，自主研制了具备宽频带、高功率(10 kV/100 A)输出特性的脉冲电源测试平台，在脉冲电压幅值1 kV、频率2.5 kHz、占空比1%、上升沿200 ns的典型工况下开展对比验证。研究结果表明：模型计算结果与实测数据相对误差小于12%，满足工程精度要求；绕组首匝导体呈现显著梯度分布特性，其相对地及匝间电位差分别达施加电压的117.3%和13.56%。文中提出的二/三维多尺度电磁场建模方法有效揭示了叠绕组结构电应力空间梯度分布规律，可为变频电机绝缘厚度优化、均压结构设计等关键问题提供理论依据与数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under pulse-width modulation(PWM) voltage excitation, the transient voltage distribution in stator windings of inverter-fed motors is influenced by nonlinear coupling effects of distributed capacitance and leakage inductance parameters. Structural discontinuities in windings tend to induce electric field distortions due to high-frequency transient effects, significantly increasing the probability of partial discharges in dielectric materials. Accurate characterization of the spatial distribution characteristics of transient electrical stress under pulsed voltage excitation constitutes a critical technical challenge for reliability design and lifetime assessment of insulation systems in inverter-fed motors. This study focuses on a 230 kW-class marine propulsion motor with lap-wound configuration. Based on electromagnetic multiphysics coupling theory, a two-dimensional electrostatic field model is employed to analyze lumped capacitance parameters of slot-embedded conductors, while a three-dimensional eddy current field model is utilized to extract frequency-dependent impedance characteristics of overhang regions. Through field-circuit co-simulation, a comprehensive multi-node equivalent circuit model of the stator winding path is established. To validate the electromagnetic transient response accuracy of the model, an independently developed pulse power supply test platform with wide-frequency bandwidth and high-power output capability(10 kV/100 A) was prepared. Comparative verification was conducted under following typical operating conditions: pulse voltage amplitude 1 kV, frequency 2.5 kHz, duty cycle 1%, and rise time 200 ns. The research results demonstrate: The relative error between simulated and experimental data remains below 12%, meeting engineering accuracy requirements; The first-turn conductor exhibits pronounced gradient distribution characteristics, with turn-to-ground and turn-to-turn potential differences reaching 117.3% and 13.56% of the applied voltage, respectively. The proposed 2D/3D multi-scale electromagnetic field modeling methodology effectively elucidates spatial gradient distribution patterns of electrical stresses in lap-wound configurations, providing both theoretical foundations and quantitative data supports for critical design optimizations including insulation thickness determination and voltage grading system implementation in inverter-fed motor applications.更多还原