【摘要】 为了实现对更远天体目标的探测，大口径成为未来望远镜发展的重要趋势，这对望远镜的光路系统提出了新的挑战。库德式折轴光路是大口径望远镜的重要组成部分，直接影响到望远镜的性能，其在激光通信、空间探测、天文等领域得到广泛应用。文中介绍了库德光路系统及其对应的光学矩阵与目前应用现状，概述了库德光路在国内外相关望远镜中的研究进展，归纳了库德光路在指向精度和装调技术的要点，提出一种基于坐标变换的指向误差模型。对中国科学院上海天文台卫星激光测距系统的库德发射光路的调节进行验证，结果表明，激光发射在方位、高度的高精度指向精度达到角秒级，为我国下一代大口径望远镜的库德装调与测试提供更有效的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to achieve the detection of celestial targets farther distance, large-aperture telescopes have become an important development trend for the future, which poses new challenges to the optical path system of telescopes. The Coude folded-axis optical path is an important component of large-aperture telescopes,which directly affects telescope performance and is widely used in fields such as laser communication, space exploration, and astronomy. The Coude optical path system, its corresponding optical matrix and application status are introduced. The research progress of the Coude optical path in related telescopes at home and abroad is outlined. And the key technical points of pointing accuracy and alignment are summarized. Furthermore, a pointing error model based on coordinate transformation is proposed. And the model is verified by the alignment of the Coude transmitting optical path in the satellite laser ranging system at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,CAS. It is shown that the high-precision pointing accuracy of laser emission in azimuth and elevation reaches the arcsecond level, which provides a more effective method for assembly, debugging and testing of Coude optical system in China′s next-generation large-aperture telescopes.更多还原