【摘要】 为保障韩江高陂水利枢纽下游国家Ⅱ级保护动物花鳗鲡及鲢、鳙等半洄游鱼类(克流流速≤1.0 m/s)的洄游通道畅通，构建了基于佛劳德相似准则的1∶4(鱼道局部)、1∶10(鱼道整体)和1∶85(枢纽整体)多尺度正态水力学物理模型，提出了“调结构(优化隔板孔口尺寸组合)、调流态(改善流态流速分布)、调布置(调整进出口位置形态)、调入口(营造低流速水域)”的协同优化方法，通过优化隔板孔口尺寸、新增中水位进口、设置消能排桩降低入口流速、优化出口运行管理，成功解决了基本方案中鱼道内水流衔接不畅、进出口与水位不匹配、入口流速过高(>1.7 m/s)等关键问题。模型试验及2023年运行监测证实：优化后鱼道内关键孔口最大流速≤0.84 m/s,水流平顺；入口区形成流速<1.0 m/s的低流速活动水域，显著提升了多种鱼类(含目标幼鱼)的上溯效率，日均净上溯量达约328尾。该文建立的基于多尺度物理模型试验与“四调”协同优化的方法体系，可为大型水利枢纽高效过鱼设施的设计优化与运行管理提供有效的技术参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 To ensure unimpeded migration pathways for the Class Ⅱ nationally protected species Anguilla marmorata(Marbled Eel) and semi-migratory fish species like silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp(Aristichthys nobilis)(with critical swimming speed ≤1.0 m/s) downstream of the Hanjiang Gaobei Hydro Project, this study constructed a multi-scale(1∶4 for fishway sections, 1∶10 for the entire fishway, and 1∶85 for the entire project) normal hydraulic physical model based on Froude similarity criteria.A coordinated optimization methodology termed the “Four Adjustments” was proposed: adjusting structure(optimizing the size combination of baffle orifices),adjusting flow pattern(improving flow regime and velocity distribution),adjusting layout(modifying the position and form of inlets/outlets),and adjusting inlet(creating a low-velocity zone).Through optimizing baffle orifice sizes, adding a mid-level water intake, installing energy-dissipating piles to reduce inlet velocity, and optimizing outlet operation management, key issues in the baseline scheme were successfully resolved.These issues included poor hydraulic connectivity within the fishway, mismatch between inlets/outlets and water levels, and excessively high inlet velocity(>1.7 m/s).Model tests and operational monitoring in 2023 confirmed that post-optimization, the maximum velocity at key orifices within the fishway was ≤0.84 m/s with smooth flow.A low-velocity activity zone(<1.0 m/s) formed in the inlet area, significantly enhancing the upstream passage efficiency for various fish species(including target juvenile fish),achieving a daily net upstream passage of approximately 328 individuals.The methodology system established in this study, based on multi-scale physical model testing and the coordinated “Four Adjustments” optimization, can provide an effective technical reference for the design optimization and operational management of efficient fish passage facilities in large-scale hydro projects.更多还原