【摘要】 我国博士生项目制培养模式可分为政府主导型、高校自主探索型与产学研联培型三类，遵循强目标导向、“专事专办”、竞争性优选、科层制和项目制嵌套互动以及多主体契约式治理运行逻辑。面临强目标规制与专业发展、“专事专办”与博士生培养长期性和系统性、竞争性优选与博士生教育均衡发展、“双轨”嵌套运行与充分释放高校自主发展活力、多主体契约式治理与博士生教育整体性治理等多重张力。未来需构建多元化、专业化培养质量评估体系，促进培养的系统性建设，优化培养资源配置方式，明晰并强化高校育人自主权，加强博士生项目制培养整体性治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Project-based training mode of doctoral students in China can be divided into three categories: government-led, university-independent exploration and industry-university-research cooperation, which follows the operational logic of strong goal orientation, special office, competitive selection for the best, nested interaction between project system and bureaucracy system, and contractual governance of multiple subjects.But it also faces the tension between strong goal regulation and professional development; “specialized office” and long-term and systematic cultivation of doctoral students; competitive selection for the best and balanced development of the doctoral education; the “dual-track” nested operation and the full release of the independent vitality for colleges and universities; multi-body contractual governance and the holistic governance of doctoral education.It is necessary to build a diversified and professional evaluation system for doctoral training projects, promote the systematic construction, optimize the allocation of resources of projects, clarify and strengthen the autonomy of colleges and universities, and strengthen the holistic governance.更多还原