【摘要】 随着配电网承载能力瓶颈日益突出，分布式储能虽成为重要支撑手段，但配电网运营商、储能投资商和负荷聚合商分别受制于规划职责缺位、投资回报不足及收益机制不明等因素，难以独立推动配电网承载能力提升。为此，提出了一种考虑多市场主体需求的配电网分布式储能投资决策方法。首先，针对配电网分布式储能规划决策问题，构建储能投资商与负荷聚合商之间的合作博弈模型，并在规划阶段充分考虑电动汽车负荷、数据中心等多元灵活资源的时空调节潜力，从而将多主体合作博弈机制引入分布式储能规划过程，降低储能投资商的整体投资运行成本，同时有效缓解配电网运营商的扩容压力；随后，引入基于纳什议价理论的收益分配机制，通过保障收益的公平分配与成本的合理分摊，激励各参与方积极参与协同博弈，进而实现社会效益的最大化；最后，针对原问题的非线性非凸特性，通过将其分解为社会效益最大化问题与收益分配议价问题，以确保问题的可解性与求解效率。结果表明，所提方法能够在满足配电网承载能力提升需求，降低储能投资运行成本的同时，提升各方的收益水平与合作意愿，最终实现多市场主体共同推动配电网良性发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing bottleneck in distribution network carrying capacity, the distributed energy storage systems have become an important means of support. However, the distribution network operators, energy storage investors, and load aggregators are constrained by the lack of planning responsibility, insufficient investment returns and unclear benefit-sharing mechanisms, making it difficult for any single party to independently promote carrying capacity enhancement. To address this issue, this paper proposes an investment decision-making method for the distributed energy storage systems in the distribution networks considering the demands of multiple market entities. First, addressing the planning and decision-making issues of distributed energy storage in the distribution networks, a cooperative game model is constructed between the energy storage investors and load aggregators. This model fully considers the spatiotemporal adjustment potential of diverse and flexible resources such as electric vehicle loads and data centers during the planning phase, thereby introducing the multi-stakeholder cooperative game mechanism into the distributed energy storage planning process and reducing the overall investment and operating costs for energy storage investors while effectively alleviating the expansion pressure on the distribution network operators. Then, a benefit allocation mechanism based on Nash bargaining theory is introduced to ensure fair benefit distribution and reasonable cost sharing, thus incentivizing all participants to engage in cooperative gaming and maximizing social welfare. Finally, to address the nonlinear and nonconvex nature of the original problem, it is decomposed into a social welfare maximization problem and a benefit allocation bargaining problem, thereby ensuring tractability and computational efficiency. The results show that the proposed method can meet the carrying capacity enhancement requirements of the distribution network and reduce the investment and operation costs of energy storage, while improving the benefit level and willingness to cooperate of all parties, ultimately enabling multiple market entities to jointly promote the sound development of the distribution network.更多还原