【摘要】 依据2023年7月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国对外关系法》第30条及第31条的规定，国家应善意履行国际条约规定的义务，并采取适当措施实施和适用国际条约。随着《中华人民共和国民法典》的制定，《中华人民共和国民法通则》第142条亦因该法的废止而失去效力，关于国际条约的适用出现制定法的空白。在此情况下，最高人民法院于2023年12月发布《关于审理涉外民商事案件适用国际条约和国际惯例若干问题的解释》,明确了人民法院适用国际条约的制度，并进一步规范了中国法院适用国际条约存在的问题。同时发布涉外民商事案件适用国际条约的典型案例，其中多涉及国际实体法条约的适用问题。国际民商事实体法条约在中国法院如何被适用一直是国际法学界关注的问题，虽然国际条约的适用需要视具体国际条约的性质及内容而定，但可归纳出一定的适用模式或路径。文章结合上述司法解释及发布的典型案例等中国司法实践，系统阐述国际民商事实体法条约作为合同条款以及通过非国际私法模式、国际私法模式、当事人选择模式而适用的路径，指出在司法实践中，应加强对国际条约作为合同条款及国际私法模式的理解和掌握，明确区分作为合同条款与当事人选择模式的不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pursuant to Articles 30 and 31 of the Foreign Relations Law of the People’s Republic of China, which came into effect on July 1, 2023, the State shall perform its obligations under international treaties in good faith and shall adopt appropriate measures to implement and apply such treaties. With the enactment of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China, Article 142 of the former General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China ceased to be effective due to its repeal, resulting in a statutory gap regarding the application of international treaties. Under these circumstances, in December 2023, the Supreme People’s Court issued the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of International Treaties and International Practices in the Trial of Foreign-Related Civil and Commercial Cases, clarifying the judicial framework governing the application of international treaties and further providing guidance on practical issues arising from their application by Chinese courts. At the same time, the Supreme People’s Court released a series of model cases concerning the application of international treaties in foreign-related civil and commercial cases, many of which involve the application of international civil and commercial substantive law treaties. How international substantive law treaties in civil and commercial matters are applied by Chinese courts has long been one of the subjects of concern in the field of international law. Although the application of international treaties depends on the nature and content of each particular treaty, certain patterns or approaches to their application can nevertheless be identified and summarized. Drawing on the above judicial interpretation and the model cases, as well as other Chinese judicial practices, this article systematically examines the different approaches to the application of international civil and commercial substantive law treaties, namely their application as contractual terms and through the non-private international law model, the private international law model, and the party-autonomy model. It further emphasizes that, in judicial practice, greater attention should be paid to understanding and mastering the following two approaches: incorporating international treaties as contractual terms and applying them through the private international law model. It also stresses that a clear distinction should be drawn between incorporation as contractual terms and application under the party-autonomy model.更多还原