【摘要】 受城市群影响的河湖疏浚淤泥中营养盐和重金属富集严重，其迁移性污染物释放风险限制了资源化利用。该研究采用“反硝化细菌预处理+水泥基固化”的协同策略，探讨反硝化细菌接种时间对氮和磷污染物浸出特性的影响，并评估水泥和沸石对预处理淤泥的固化效果。结果表明，反硝化细菌显著降低总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）浸出浓度，满足中国地表水Ⅲ类标准。其作用机理为：通过消耗有机物还原硝态氮（NO₃^--N）和亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N），同时生成酸性代谢产物使pH下降；有机物去除使化学需氧量（COD）降低。相关性分析显示，COD与TN、TP均具有显著的正相关性，表明氮磷的迁移与有机物密切相关。扫描电镜-能谱（SEM-EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）及低场核磁共振（LF-NMR）结果表明，胞外聚合物（EPS）增强了淤泥致密性和水分束缚，磷元素主要以Fe/Al结合态存在。水泥和沸石的协同作用机理包括p H缓冲、吸附、阳离子交换及二次水化反应，从而提高固化淤泥整体性并降低氮磷浸出浓度。此外，重金属浸出率低于1.05%，表明该反硝化细菌-固化剂联合处理方法在营养盐和重金属稳定方面，均表现出优异的环境友好性和工程应用潜力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dredged sediments from rivers and lakes influenced by urban agglomerations are often enriched with nutrients and heavy metals, and the potential release of these mobile contaminants hinders their resource utilization. In this study, a combined strategy of denitrifying microbial pretreatment and cement-based solidification was applied to investigate the effect of inoculation time on the leaching behavior of nitrogen and phosphorus, and to further evaluate the solidification performance of cement and zeolite on pretreated sediments. The results demonstrated that denitrifying bacteria significantly reduced the leaching concentrations of total nitrogen（TN） and total phosphorus（TP）, meeting the Class Ⅲ limit of the Chinese Surface Water Quality Standard. The underlying mechanisms involved the reduction of nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N） and nitrite nitrogen（NO₂^--N） through the consumption of organic matter. This process was accompanied by the generation of acidic metabolites,which decreased p H, and by a simultaneous reduction in chemical oxygen demand（COD）. Correlation analysis revealed that COD was significantly positively correlated with TN and TP, indicating a close linkage between nutrient mobility and organic matter. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy（SEM-EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance（LF-NMR） showed that extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） enhanced sediment compactness and water retention, while phosphorus was mainly bound to Fe/Al oxides. The synergistic effects of cement and zeolite involved pH buffering, adsorption, cation exchange, and secondary hydration reactions, thereby improving the integrity of the solidified sediments and reducing nutrient release. Moreover, the leaching rates of heavy metals were all below 1.05%, confirming that this microbe–cement–zeolite combined treatment exhibits excellent performance in stabilizing nutrients and heavy metals, highlighting its environmental compatibility and engineering applicability.更多还原