【摘要】 随着能源转型背景下大规模波动性新能源接入和用电侧深度电气化，输电网投资需求持续增长。与此同时，电力市场建设和输配电价改革不断推进，正在重塑输电网投资的决策环境和电网企业的收益机制，使得输电网规划投资面临新的制度性挑战。该文从相关利益主体出发，系统梳理市场化发展下输电网规划投资的4类关键机制：监管激励、输电服务定价、源网协同投资以及风险管理。结合国际实践进行比较分析，可知各国虽制度路径存在差异，但总体上围绕“效率提升、公平简便、长期前瞻、风险可控”的核心目标展开。监管激励机制通过总支出成本监管与绩效导向优化投资决策，输电定价机制通过位置性信号与并网专用费用引导资源配置，源网协同机制依托长期规划与多方协作降低并网不确定性，风险管理机制通过制度化评估与市场化工具实现风险识别、量化与缓解。进一步剖析了相关机制在技术应用上面临的挑战，并从较为宏观的角度提供了政策建议。该文旨在为我国电力市场化发展下输电投资模式的优化和投资效率的提升提供一些有益的思考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the large-scale integration of variable renewable energy and the deep electrification of the demand side under the energy transition, the demand for transmission investment continues to grow. Meanwhile, the continuous advancement of electricity market development and reform on transmission and distribution tariffs is reshaping the decision-making environment for transmission investment’s decision making process and transmission companies’ revenue mechanism. From the perspective of relevant stakeholders, this paper systematically reviews four key mechanisms for transmission investment in liberalized market environment, including regulatory and incentive mechanisms, transmission pricing, coordination between transmission investment and generation investment, and finally risk management. This paper conducts a comparative analysis based on international practices. The result shows that, despite differences in institutional pathways, these mechanisms generally aim at improving efficiency, ensuring fairness and practicality, enhancing long-term foresight and enabling risk controllability. Regulatory incentive mechanisms optimize investment decisions through total expenditure(TOTEX) regulation and performance-based approaches; transmission pricing guides resource allocation via locational signals and connection-specific charges; generation-transmission coordination reduces interconnection uncertainty through long-term planning and multi-stakeholder collaboration; and risk management mechanisms achieve risk identification, quantification and mitigation through institutionalized assessment and market-based instruments. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the technological challenges faced in practical applications and provides policy recommendations from a macro-level perspective. Through this discussion, this paper aims to provide useful thoughts and references for efficient TEP and investment under the new trend of liberalized market development.更多还原