【摘要】 目的 探讨在结构化、标准化的术前访视中，采用以共情为核心的医患沟通模式，对缓解患者术前焦虑、稳定围术期生命体征、提升麻醉诱导配合度及整体就医体验的临床效果。方法 采用前瞻性、单盲、随机对照试验设计，纳入2024年5月至2025年10月拟于河南省胸科医院行择期全身麻醉手术的160例患者为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组与干预组，每组80例。对照组接受常规术前告知与核对；干预组则在结构化访视中，由经过统一共情沟通培训的麻醉医生实施访视，沟通技巧包括主动倾听、情感回应、鼓励表达及使用通俗语言解释等。分别于访视前(T0)和入室前(T1)采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评估焦虑水平，记录T1时点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)作为生理应激指标。麻醉诱导过程中，由不知分组情况的麻醉医生使用标准化操作配合度量表(涵盖指令遵从、体位维持、情绪反应等条目)评估患者配合度。术后24 h内，采用本院自制的访视满意度问卷进行调查。结果 两组T0时点SAS评分、基础HR及SBP比较，差异均未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。T1时，干预组SAS评分显著低于对照组，HR及MAP波动幅度更小，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预组在麻醉诱导期间的总体配合度评分显著高于对照组，且访视满意度问卷得分亦显著优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在结构化术前访视中系统融入共情沟通可有效减轻患者术前焦虑与生理应激，提升麻醉诱导配合度与就医满意度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of an empathy-centered doctor-patient communication model during structured and standardized preoperative visits on relieving preoperative anxiety, stabilizing perioperative vital signs, improving compliance with induction of anesthesia, and enhancing overall medical experience. Methods A prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 160 patients scheduled for elective general anesthesia surgery at Henan Provincial Chest Hospital from May 2024 to October 2025 were enrolled and randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group using a random number table, with 80 patients in each group. The control group received routine preoperative information and checklist verification; the intervention group underwent structured preoperative visits performed by anesthesiologists who had received standardized training in empathetic communication, including active listening, emotional validation, encouragement of expression, and explanation in plain language. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) before the visit(T0) and before entering the operating room(T1). Heart rate(HR) and mean arterial pressure(MAP) at T1 were recorded as physiological stress indicators. During induction of anesthesia, an anesthesiologist blinded to group assignment evaluated patient compliance using a standardized intraoperative cooperation scale(including items such as instruction adherence, posture maintenance, and emotional response). A self-designed visit satisfaction questionnaire was administered within 24 hours postoperatively. Results There were no significant differences in SAS scores, baseline HR, or SBP between the two groups at T0(P>0.05). At T1, the SAS score in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group, with smaller fluctuations in HR and MAP(P<0.05). The overall compliance score during induction of anesthesia and the satisfaction score in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Systematic integration of empathetic communication into structured preoperative visits can effectively reduce preoperative anxiety and physiological stress, and improve compliance with anesthesia induction as well as patient satisfaction.更多还原