【摘要】 为满足全球无缝覆盖、应急通信、物联网与航空海事等新兴业务需求，3GPP R19阶段对NTN进行了系统性增强。相比R18以透明转发为主的架构，3GPP R19 NR NTN首次引入星上再生处理架构，实现接入网与核心网功能在卫星上的灵活部署，显著降低端到端时延并提升系统容量，并对R18多个方面进行了增强和扩展，使得5G技术方案更加完整，技术能力进一步增强，为5G NR NTN商用提供了坚实的技术基础。以当前6G卫星互联网发展中面临的挑战作为出发点，重点围绕R19 NR NTN核心架构、空口与性能优化、移动性与服务连续性、终端与场景扩展等方面展开分析，最后对R20的技术发展进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 To meet the demands of emerging services such as global seamless coverage, emergency communications, IoT, and aviation and maritime applications, 3 GPP Release 19 has systematically enhanced NTN. Compared to the transparent forwarding-dominated architecture in Release 18, 3 GPP R19 NR NTN introduced a novel onboard regeneration processing architecture for the first time, enabling flexible deployment of RAN and core network functions on satellites. This significantly reduces end-to-end latency and enhances system capacity. The 3 GPP R19 NR NTN access network standard has been enhanced and expanded in multiple aspects compared to Release 18, making the 6G technical solution more comprehensive and further strengthening its capabilities, thereby providing a solid technical foundation for the commercialization of 5G NR NTN. This paper takes the challenges faced in the current development of 6G satellite Internet as the starting point and focuses on analyzing aspects such as the core architecture of R19 NR NTN, air interface and performance optimization, mobility and service continuity, terminal and scenario expansion, etc. Finally, the technological development of R20 was prospected.更多还原