【摘要】 地磁场是地球重要的物理场，精确的地磁观测对地球物理、地震监测、空间天气和资源勘探等领域具有重要意义。随着城市轨道交通系统的快速发展，地铁运行直流牵引供电所产生的电磁干扰，日益成为地磁观测数据质量下降的主要因素之一。本文系统整理了地铁干扰来源、特征及其对地磁观测的影响。干扰通常表现为与运行时段同步的高频脉冲、背景噪声升高及趋势性畸变，频率集中分布在0.001—0.04 Hz，影响范围可达数十千米。当前普遍采用的干扰识别与抑制方法主要包括统计分析、功率谱分析、小波变换、参考台差分、经验模态分解（EMD）和深度学习等。尽管这些方法已取得一定进展，但在应对复杂电磁环境及保障观测精度方面，仍需更为高效、智能化的技术手段，并继续深化对干扰机制的理解和建模能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 The geomagnetic field is an important physical property of the Earth. Accurate geomagnetic observations are essential in various fields, including geophysics, earthquake monitoring and early warning, space weather, and resource exploration. With the rapid expansion of urban metro systems, electromagnetic interference from their DC traction power supply has become a major factor affecting the quality of geomagnetic observations. This paper systematically summarizes the sources, characteristics, and impacts of metro-induced disturbances on geomagnetic observations. These disturbances typically appear as high-frequency pulses synchronized with train operations, elevated background noise, and distorted long-term trends, with dominant frequencies ranging from 0.001 Hz to 0.04 Hz. The affected distance can extend from several kilometers to tens of kilometers. Current methods for identifying and suppressing such interference include statistical analysis, power spectral analysis, wavelet transform, reference station differencing, empirical mode decomposition(EMD), and deep learning. Despite notable progress, there remains an urgent need to develop more robust, adaptive, and intelligent techniques, as well as to deepen the understanding and modeling of the physical mechanisms behind such disturbances.更多还原