【摘要】 针对动力电池直冷热管理系统中冷板结构设计存在的散热不均与流动阻力大等问题，提出了一种对称式迷宫形流道结构。基于计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法，建立了冷板两相流-固-热耦合模型，系统分析了流道宽度、圆角半径及制冷剂质量流量等关键参数对系统制冷性能与能量消耗的影响规律。结果表明：迷宫形流道在1 C～4 C放电倍率下相较传统蛇形流道可有效提升热管理性能，电芯最高温度降幅1.99℃、最大温差降幅0.97℃，同时压降降低57%～78%；流道宽度存在最优区间，可在提高散热能力与控制压降之间取得平衡；圆角半径增大可显著降低局部流动阻力，但过大将削弱局部沸腾换热强度；制冷剂质量流量存在相变主导下的饱和点，继续增加流量对散热提升有限，反而显著增加能耗。揭示了直冷系统中结构与工况参数对换热与能耗性能的耦合调控机理，并提出了冷板设计准则，可为高效直冷热管理系统的工程应用提供理论支撑与设计参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study proposes a symmetric labyrinth flow channel aimed to address uneven cooling and high flow resistance in direct cooling battery thermal management systems. A CFD-based twophase fluid-solid-thermal coupling model was developed to analyze how channel width, fillet radius,and refrigerant mass flow affect cooling performance and energy consumption. The results indicate that, in comparison with conventional serpentine channels, the proposed labyrinth design reduces the maximum cell temperature by 1.99 ℃ and the peak temperature difference between cells by 0.97 ℃under C-rates ranging from 1 C to 4 C, while simultaneously decreasing the pressure drop by57%-78%. Optimal channel width balances heat dissipation and flow resistance. Increasing fillet radius reduces local resistance but excessive values impair boiling heat transfer. A critical mass flow saturation point exists beyond which thermal improvement diminishes while energy consumption surges. The research reveals the coupling mechanism of structural and operational parameters on thermal-energy performance, and establishes design guidelines for cold plates. These findings provide theoretical foundations and practical references for developing high-efficiency direct cooling systems.更多还原