【摘要】 针对空间应用中对脉冲管制冷机轻量化和小型化的需求,提出了一种工作于80 K温区的小型单级脉冲管制冷机方案。该制冷机旨在替代传统两级耦合型脉冲管制冷机的第二级,显著降低系统体积和质量。与传统设计相比,研究的创新点主要体现在以下几个方面:首先,通过将整机各部件的工作温度统一至80 K,成功去除了过渡蓄冷器,从而有效避免了因温差过大而导致的能量损失;其次,将制冷机运行频率提升至55 Hz,较传统两级耦合型脉冲管制冷机有显著提高。制冷机目前采用液氮预冷,当工作压力为1.5 MPa,输入功率为10 W且热端温度维持在80 K时,制冷机性能达到以下指标:无负荷最低温度14.4 K,在33.5 K温度点可实现1 W的制冷量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In response to the pressing demand for lightweight and compact pulse tube cryocoolers in space applications,a miniature single-stage pulse tube cryocooler operating in the 80 K temperature range was proposed. The proposed cryocooler was designed to replace the second stage of traditional two-stage coupled pulse tube cryocoolers,achieving significant reductions in system volume and mass. The innovative aspects of the study were primarily manifested in the following:the operating temperature of all components had been unified to 80 K,thereby eliminating the transitional regenerator and effectively mitigating energy loss caused by excessive temperature gradients. The operating frequency of the cryocooler was increased to 55 Hz,representing a substantial improvement over traditional two-stage coupled pulse tube cryocoolers. At present,liquid nitrogen is utilised by the cryocooler for the purpose of precooling. When the operating pressure is1. 5 MPa,the input power was 10 W,and the hot end temperature was maintained at 80 K,the performance of the cryocooler met the following indicators: a no-load minimum temperature of 14. 4 K and a cooling capacity of 1 W at 33. 5 K can be attained.更多还原