【摘要】 【目的】时序节律描绘了人口流动的动态过程，蕴含着更直接的城市功能信息。然而，现有研究多集中于网络特征，对时间序列形态所蕴含的功能信息关注有限，缺乏在时序特征与城市功能类型之间建立系统联系的分析框架。【方法】本文提出一种“时序特征-网络结构-功能角色”的分析框架，以整体识别城市在全国人口流动网络中的功能与角色。在时序特征层面，基于2022年12月20日—2023年12月20日全国366个城市的日尺度人口净流量时序，将城市划分“先流出后流入型”(Ⅰ类，87城)与“先流入后流出型”(Ⅱ类，279城)两大集群，并识别各集群细分的节律子型及对应的空间格局；在网络结构层面，利用点度中心度衡量城市流动规模，通过加权介数中心性刻画城市在跨区域流动中的中转枢纽能力，构建人口流动网络中心性与连通性的结构性认知；最后，将时序节律特征、网络特征与空间格局联合解释，实现城市功能角色的综合识别。【结果】全国人口流动网络呈现显著的“核心-边缘”结构，人口流动高度集聚于长三角、珠三角、京津冀与成渝城市群，北京在全国尺度上表现出突出的中转控制能力。从时间节律看，366个城市可划分为两类宏观流动模式，并进一步细分为5类节律子型，其中高频巨幅型城市50个，节假日期间人口流动峰谷差达百万人级；其余中频低幅型（37城）、高频中幅型（106城）、中频中幅型（108城）和中频高幅型（65城）在波动频率与幅度上呈现连续梯度分化。在融合网络结构与时间节律特征的基础上，识别出7类具有明确功能指向的城市人口流动角色，包括在全国或区域尺度承担人口流动组织与调度功能的综合型中心城市、在跨区域流动中发挥关键中转与通道控制作用的交通枢纽型城市，以及以节假日脉冲式流动为主要特征的旅游目的地型城市等。融合结果进一步表明，高频巨幅型城市主要集中于综合型中心与交通枢纽角色，其中39个与国家或区域中心城市定位一致，37个符合全国或国际性交通枢纽规划；同时，珠海、嘉兴、温州等10个未纳入国家级中心或枢纽体系的城市，显示出向国家级中心城市及交通枢纽演化的潜力。【结论】本研究构建的融合框架实现了对城市功能角色的精准识别，揭示了全国人口流动网络的“核心-边缘”结构与多层级功能分化格局，验证了国家城市体系规划的科学性，同时识别出一批具有潜在重要功能的城市，为城市治理、区域规划及人口政策制定提供了动态视角的决策支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives] Temporal rhythms describe the dynamic processes of population mobility and contain more direct information on urban functions. However, existing studies have largely focused on network structural characteristics, paying limited attention to the functional information embedded in temporal patterns of mobility time series. As a result, a systematic analytical framework linking temporal features to urban functional types remains lacking. [Methods] This study proposes an integrated analytical framework that links temporal characteristics, network structure, and functional roles to comprehensively identify cities’ functions within the national population mobility network. At the temporal level, daily net population inflow-outflow time series for 366 Chinese cities from 20 December 2022 to 20 December 2023 were analyzed. Cities were first classified into two major clusters, namely “outflow-first then inflow”(Type Ⅰ, 87 cities) and “inflow-first then outflow”(Type Ⅰ, 279 cities), and were further subdivided into finer rhythmic subtypes with distinct spatial patterns. At the network level, degree centrality was used to measure the scale of population flows, while weighted betweenness centrality was employed to characterize cities’ intermediary and transfer capacities in interregional mobility, thereby capturing structural centrality and connectivity within the population mobility network. Finally, temporal rhythms, network characteristics, and spatial patterns were jointly interpreted to achieve an integrated identification of urban functional roles. [Results] The national population mobility network exhibits a pronounced core-periphery structure, with population flows highly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, and Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomerations. Beijing demonstrates a particularly strong national-level transit control capacity. From a temporal perspective, the 366 cities can be classified into two macro-level mobility patterns and further divided into five rhythmic subtypes. Among them, 50 high-frequency, high-amplitude cities display holiday-related peak-trough differences reaching the million-person scale. The remaining subtypes, including medium-frequency low-amplitude(37 cities), high-frequency medium-amplitude(106 cities), mediumfrequency medium-amplitude(108 cities), and medium-frequency high-amplitude(65 cities), exhibit continuous gradient differentiation in fluctuation frequency and magnitude. By integrating network structure and temporal rhythm characteristics, seven types of urban population mobility functional roles were identified. These include comprehensive central cities that organize and regulate population flows at national or regional scales, transport hub cities that play key intermediary and corridor-control roles in interregional mobility, and tourism destination cities characterized by strong holiday-driven pulse flows. The integrated results further indicate that highfrequency, high-amplitude cities are mainly concentrated among comprehensive central and transport hub roles. Among them, 39 cities correspond to national or regional central-city designations, and 37 cities align with national or international transport hub planning. Meanwhile, ten cities, including Zhuhai, Jiaxing, and Wenzhou, which are not formally incorporated into national-level center or hub systems, exhibit population mobility characteristics that indicate the potential to evolve toward national central city or transport hub functions. [Conclusions] The proposed integrated framework enables precise identification of urban functional roles and reveals both the coreperiphery structure and the multi-level functional differentiation of China’s population mobility network. The findings validate the scientific basis of the national urban system planning and identify a group of cities with potentially important functional roles, thereby providing a dynamic, data-driven perspective to support urban governance, regional planning, and population policy formulation.更多还原