【摘要】 【目的】在全球城市化与气候变化的双重胁迫下，极端高温和臭氧污染的协同作用对城市公共健康与可持续发展构成了日趋严峻挑战。然而，现有研究多聚焦于单一环境胁迫，对高温-臭氧复合风险的时空演化规律和形成机制缺乏系统认知，严重制约了城市气候适应性策略的科学制定。【方法】本研究以中国45个主要城市为例，综合气温、臭氧浓度、人口分布和房价等多源数据，刻画2003—2022年城市高温-臭氧复合风险暴露时空格局，并运用基尼系数、泰尔指数等方法，从空间非均衡性与社会公平性两个维度深入探讨其公平性特征，同时采用随机森林方法剖析其复杂的驱动机制。【结果】(1) 2003—2022年，城市高温风险和高温-臭氧复合风险暴露呈现动态波动特征，而臭氧污染则表现出显著的逐年增长趋势；同时，高复合风险暴露区域主要集聚于北京、上海及广州等核心城市；(2)城市风险暴露存在显著不公平性。臭氧污染暴露多集中于低房价区域，且较多城市中的低收入群体面临不成比例的复合风险胁迫；(3)不透水地表作为城市各类风险暴露的关键驱动因子，其次为风速、降雨等环境因素，且各影响因子与环境风险暴露之间均呈现显著的非线性阈值效应，尤其在臭氧污染和复合风险中表现突出。【结论】本研究深化了对城市高温和臭氧复合风险演化的科学认知，揭示了其时空动态、环境不公平特征及复杂驱动机制，为制定兼顾气候韧性与环境公平的城市空间治理体系提供决策支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objectives] Under the dual pressures of pervasive global urbanization and accelerating climate change, the synergistic effects of extreme heat and ground-level ozone pollution collectively pose an increasingly severe and multifaceted challenge to urban public health, significantly compromising human well-being, and fundamentally undermining sustainable urban development. However, existing scientific research predominantly focuses on individual environmental stressors in isolation, leading to a critical and pronounced lack of systemic understanding regarding the complex spatiotemporal evolution patterns and intricate underlying formation mechanisms of compound heatozone risks, which severely constrains the scientific development and effective implementation of robust and evidence-based urban climate adaptation strategies. [Methods] In this study, we investigate 45 major China’s cities by integrating multi-source data encompassing air temperature, ozone concentration, population distribution, and housing prices to meticulously delineate the spatiotemporal patterns of urban exposure to compound heatozone risks between 2003 and 2022. Furthermore, leveraging advanced analytical methods such as the Gini coefficient and Theil index, we comprehensively explore the equity characteristics of this risk exposure from the dual perspectives of spatial imbalance and social fairness, while concurrently employing a random forest model to rigorously dissect its complex underlying driving mechanisms. [Results](1) From 2003 to 2022, urban exposure to extreme heat and compound heat-ozone risks exhibited dynamic temporal fluctuations, whereas ozone pollution showed a clear and pronounced upward trend over time. High-exposure areas for these compound risks were primarily concentrated in core metropolitan regions such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.(2) Urban risk exposure exhibits pronounced environmental inequities, with ozone pollution disproportionately concentrated in areas with low housing prices, and low-income populations in many cities bearing a disproportionately high burden of compound risks.(3) Impervious surfaces were identified as the primary driving factor for various urban risk exposures, consistently followed by environmental factors such as wind speed and precipitation. All influencing factors demonstrated significant nonlinear threshold effects on environmental risk exposure, notably pronounced in the contexts of ozone pollution and compound risks. [Conclusions] This study substantially advances the scientific understanding of the evolution of urban compound heat and ozone risks by elucidating their spatiotemporal dynamics, patterns of environmental inequity, and complex underlying driving mechanisms. It thereby provides a robust and actionable evidence base to inform the development of integrated urban spatial governance frameworks that simultaneously enhance climate resilience and actively promote environmental equity.更多还原