【摘要】 基于“金融市场”概念的原创系统，马克思在巴黎笔记时期、伦敦笔记时期、纽约论坛时期等阶段，沿着“货币异化批判—信用关系批判—货币数量论批判—银行时政批判”的逻辑主线，驳斥了货币异化论、货币数量论、金融危机论等观点，并进而明确提出了货币职能、银行制度、股份公司等理论。以这些理论为基础，马克思尖锐批判了货币拜物教、商品拜物教、资本拜物教、金融危机、股市交易投机等极端性金融问题，从而精准提出了未来社会合理运用银行、股份公司等金融机制的设想，最终建构了科学的“金融市场”批判理论体系。马克思“金融市场”批判的理论资源具有重要的时代价值，它给我们重要的实践启示是：在进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化的新征程中，我们必须认真汲取马克思“金融市场”批判要点，努力避免马克思所批判的极端性问题，在完善和优化“金融高质量发展”实践方略的基础上坚定走好中国特色金融发展之路，以期早日实现“金融强国”的建设目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Marx’s critical theory of financial markets, he refuted viewpoints such as the theory of monetary alienation, thequantity theory of money and the theory of financial crises, and subsequently formulated concepts of monetary functions,the banking system, and joint-stock companies. His theory followed the logic of “critique of monetary alienation-critique ofcredit relations-critique of the quantity theory of money-critique of banking practice” across periods of the “Paris Notes,London Note and New York Tribune”. Marx sharply criticized the extreme financial phenomena such as monetaryfetishism, commodity fetishism, capital fetishism, financial crises, and stock market speculation and gambling. He thenproposed the application of financial mechanisms such as banks and joint-stock companies in future societies, thusdeveloping a critical theory of financial markets. This theory holds significant contemporary value. The practical implicationfor us is that, on the new journey of deepening reform and advancing Chinese-style modernization, we need to adhere tothis theory in order not to repeat those mistakes, and that we need to take the path of financial development with Chinesecharacteristics. This aims to achieve the goal of building a financial power by implementing the strategy of high-qualityfinancial development.更多还原