【摘要】 【目的】“双碳”目标下，构网型储能（grid-forming energy storage,GFMES）作为适应高比例新能源接入电力系统的重要技术装备，其应用优势尚未被充分挖掘，亟需明晰其在新型电力系统多场景下的主动支撑机理与配置方法。【方法】从构网控制角度总结其电压、频率和惯量支撑原理；面向正常运行、小扰动和大扰动工况，梳理构网型储能规划配置方法；结合工程示范，围绕新能源集中送出、直流近区和微电网场景，分析其规划定位、关键需求及多工况协同问题。【结果】现有研究已形成分工况的规划思路：正常工况侧重技术经济性，小扰动工况侧重系统强度与频率稳定，大扰动工况侧重“预防—穿越—恢复”全过程协同；同时，不同应用场景下，构网型储能的功能定位、主导约束与配置需求存在明显差异。【结论】构网型储能规划具有明显的场景差异性和多工况耦合特征，系统强度、电压频率安全边界及故障恢复需求是影响选址定容的关键约束，需建立兼顾技术约束与经济效益的协同规划方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Under the "Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality" goals, as a critical technology for adapting power systems to high proportions of renewable energy, the application advantages of grid-forming energy storage(GFMES) have not been fully exploited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to clarify its active support mechanisms and planning methods across multiple scenarios in the new power system. [Methods] This paper summarizes the voltage support, frequency support, and inertia support mechanisms of GFMES from the perspective of grid-forming control. Planning methods are then reviewed for normal operating conditions, small-disturbance conditions, and large-disturbance conditions. Combined with engineering demonstrations, the planning roles, key requirements, and multi-condition coordination issues of GFMES are further analyzed in renewable energy export systems, HVDC receiving-end nearby grids, and microgrids. [Results] Existing studies have established condition-oriented planning frameworks: normal-operation planning mainly emphasizes techno-economic performance; small-disturbance planning focuses on system strength and frequency stability; large-disturbance planning highlights whole-process coordination of prevention, fault ride-through, and post-fault recovery. Meanwhile, the functional role, dominant constraints, and planning requirements of GFMES differ significantly across application scenarios. [Conclusions] GFMES planning exhibits strong scenario dependence and multicondition coupling. System strength, voltage/frequency security margins, and fault recovery requirements are the key constraints governing siting and sizing. Future work should develop coordinated planning methods that jointly consider technical constraints and economic performance.更多还原