【摘要】 【目的】需求侧技术在园区综合能源系统中具有节约用能与调节负荷的作用，但现有优化设计模型大多仅考虑供应侧要素。为此，构建了一种面向园区综合能源系统的供需协同优化模型。【方法】在需求侧，通过建筑性能仿真构建围护结构改造情景并引入负荷转移型需求响应策略；在供应侧，采用聚类方法提取典型日以表征全年能源需求波动，并通过构建混合整数线性规划（mixed-integer linear programming, MILP）模型进行优化求解。【结果】基于上海某园区的案例研究表明，协同优化模型较仅优化供应侧可降低年度总成本约5%；适度围护结构改造可实现系统最优，其成本可由运行、碳排放和装机成本节约予以抵消。【结论】所建模型为碳税背景下综合能源系统的高效配置与运行优化提供了理论支撑与实践参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] Demand-side technologies contribute to energy conservation and load regulation in integrated energy systems. However, most existing models focus solely on optimising the supply-side factors. To address this gap, a supply-demand co-optimisation model for integrated energy systems is developed. [Methods] On the demand side, building performance simulation is used to generate a set of envelope retrofitting scenarios, and a load-shifting-based demand response strategy is introduced to enhance system flexibility. On the supply side, clustering methods are applied to extract typical days to represent annual variations in energy demand. A mixed-integer linear programming model is established to integrate these components and achieve supply-demand co-optimisation. [Results] A case study based on a community in Shanghai shows that the proposed co-optimisation model can reduce the total annual cost by approximately five percent compared to a supplyside-only optimisation approach. Moderate envelope retrofitting enables optimal system performance, and the associated costs can be offset by savings in operational, carbon emission, and installed capacity costs. [Conclusions] The proposed model provides theoretical support and practical reference for the efficient configuration and operational optimisation of integrated energy systems under carbon tax constraints.更多还原