【摘要】 概率语法立足计算语言学、语料库语言学与社会语言学的交叉视域，已逐步发展为一种蓬勃兴起的研究范式，可为理解构式交替现象提供新的理论视角和方法。运用条件随机森林和多分类逻辑斯蒂回归等计量方法对大规模语料库的标注数据进行分析发现，汉语处所交替受句法、语义与语用等多重概率性约束的共同驱动，具体表现为：1）汉语处所交替的构式选择受多重因素的梯度性与概率性制约，其显著性依次为：影响性>受事复杂性>受事有定性>长度差异>处所有生性>处所复杂性>处所有定性>受事可及性>动词语义范畴>句式一致性>施事有生性>语域>受事有生性>处所代词性；2）三类构式的核心用法呈现多因素语境差异；3）动词语义范畴与处所有定性存在显著交互效应。概率语法关注语言结构与多因素语境的概率性共变关系，可以为语言变异、历时语言演变、二语习得以及自然语言处理等研究提供可借鉴的理论框架与分析方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Probabilistic Grammar is one of the foremost cutting-edge theories in contemporary linguistics.Situated at the intersection of computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, and sociolinguistics, it has gradually evolved into a burgeoning research paradigm. From the perspective of Probabilistic Grammar, this study investigates the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors that influence constructional variation in Chinese locative alternations. Drawing on a large corpus of naturalistic data, this study applies conditional random forests and multinomial logistic regression models to systematically explore how multiple interacting constraints shape constructional choice and reveal the multifactorial contextual differences underlying the use of these constructions. The analysis indicates that constructional choice in Chinese locative alternations is influenced by multiple factors in a gradient and probabilistic manner. The predictors jointly shaping the variation include( in decreasing order of significance) affectedness, complexity of locatum, definiteness of locatum, length difference, animacy of location, complexity of location, definiteness of location,accessibility of locatum, verb sense, persistence, animacy of agent, register, animacy of locatum, and pronominality of location. Moreover, the core usages of the three constructions exhibit distinct multifactorial contextual characteristics. Specifically, the prepositional locative construction is more likely to occur when the locatum is longer than the location, whereas the caused-motion construction shows higher syntactic persistence and a preference for the causative construction pluswith-adjunct when the location undergoes a salient change of state. Significant interaction effects are also observed between verb semantic category and definiteness of location. Overall, these findings demonstrate that no single factor operates in isolation;rather, constructional variation arises from the probabilistic combined effects of multiple constraints.Probabilistic Grammar provides a theoretically grounded, quantitatively robust framework for research in fields such as language variation, linguistic evolution, second language acquisition, and natural language processing, emphasizing the probabilistic co-variation between linguistic structures and multifactorial contextual factors in language use.更多还原