【摘要】 为系统性解析大豆营养品质的基因型-环境互作效应及其多组分之间的互作特点，选取10个油分含量较高的大豆品种，于2023年(江苏徐州)和2024年(浙江建德和浙江杭州)开展两年三地田间试验，测定蛋白质、粗脂肪、脂肪酸及氨基酸含量，结合GGE双标图、相关性网络和主成分分析解析品质性状的基因型-环境互作效应及多组分关联特点。结果表明：蛋白质、粗脂肪和氨基酸各组分含量变异系数较小，表现出良好的跨环境稳定性；脂肪酸各组分含量的环境稳定性相对较差。在所有测试地区中，浙江建德种植的大豆品种综合品质最优，其蛋白质、粗脂肪、必需氨基酸及不饱和脂肪酸的平均含量均为3个试验点中最高。相关性分析表明，在高油大豆品种中，蛋白质含量与粗脂肪含量呈负相关，而与所有氨基酸呈正相关，氨基酸各组分之间均存在一定正相关；粗脂肪与除半胱氨酸外的所有氨基酸均存在一定负相关；棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量显著正相关，油酸和亚油酸含量之间极显著负相关。通过GGE分析证明，邯豆23的蛋白质和必需氨基酸含量较高且稳定性强，在浙江建德和浙江杭州均表现出最优适应性。结合主成分分析评价结果显示，邯豆23的营养品质评分最高，表明其营养品质在所有测试品种中最为优异。本研究基于大豆蛋白质、粗脂肪、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量等品质性状的基因型-环境互作分析、相关性分析和主成分分析，成功构建了一套多维度的大豆品质综合评价体系，为高品质大豆品种的筛选和选育提供了数据支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 To systematically analyze the genotype-environment(G×E) interaction effects on soybean nutritional quality and the interaction patterns among multiple components, ten soybean varieties with high oil content were selected and a two-year, three-location field trial was conducted in 2023(Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and 2024(Jiande and Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Contents of protein, crude fat, fatty acids, and amino acids were determined, and GGE biplot analysis, correlation network analysis, and principal component analysis were employed to elucidate the G×E interaction effects on quality traits and the interrelationships among the nutritional components. The analysis revealed the following findings: The coefficients of variation for protein, oil, and amino acids were low, suggesting strong cross-environmental stability, while fatty acid components exhibited significant variation across environments. Among all tested locations, soybeans in Jiande, Zhejiang Province, exhibited the highest overall quality, having the highest mean values of protein, oil, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids among the three trial sites. Correlation analysis revealed that, among high-oil varieties, protein content was negatively correlated with oil but positively correlated with all amino acids. Significant positive correlations were observed among amino acid components, while crude fat exhibited negative correlations with all amino acids except cysteine. Additionally, palmitic acid and stearic acid displayed a significant positive correlation, whereas oleic acid and linoleic acid exhibited a highly significant negative correlation. GGE biplot analysis indicated that Handou 23 exhibited high and stable levels of protein and essential amino acids, demonstrating optimal adaptation in Jiande and Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Furthermore, PCA results showed that Handou 23 achieved the highest nutritional quality score, confirming its superiority among all tested varieties. This study developed a multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation system for soybean quality based on G×E interaction analysis, correlation analysis, and PCA of protein, crude fat, amino acids, and fatty acids. The findings provide a robust data foundation for the selection and breeding of high-quality soybean varieties.更多还原