【摘要】 由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)与印度空间研究组织(ISRO)联合研制的合成孔径雷达(NISAR)卫星于2025年7月30日成功发射。凭借其大幅宽、高分辨率、左视成像与双频协同观测的优势，该卫星将显著增强固体地球、冰冻圈与生态系统等领域的观测能力；同时其开放的SAR/InSAR处理工具链与数据政策将大幅降低数据处理的专业门槛。为此，本文系统综述了NISAR卫星的特性，及其对全球地表形变观测任务的推动与创新：首先，解析NISAR卫星系统设计的理念；其次，详细阐述NISAR卫星对地观测的独特性，尤其是在形变监测方面的技术优势；最后，对不同类型地质灾害地表形变特征差异进行分析，总结NISAR卫星对各类灾害形变监测潜在的能力提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Jointly developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)and the Indian Space Research Organization(ISRO),the NASA-ISRO synthetic aperture radar(NISAR)mission was successfully launched on 30July 2025.With the advantage of wide-swath coverage,high spatial resolution,left-looking imaging geometry,and dual-frequency(L-and S-band),NISAR is expected to substantially enhance monitoring capabilities for the solid Earth,cryosphere,and ecosystems.Furthermore,the mission’s open-access SAR/InSAR processing toolchain and data products will substantially lower the technical barriers for non-specialist users.In this paper,we present a comprehensive review of the characteristics of NISAR and its contributions to global surface deformation monitoring.First,this paper analyzes the design concept of the NISAR satellite system.Then,unique observational strengths of the mission are discussed in detail,especially in deformation monitoring.Finally,we analyze the differences in surface deformation characteristics associated with various types of geological hazards.And the potential improvements in monitoring deformation induced by different disasters using NISAR products are summarized.更多还原