【摘要】 无人机技术进步促进了低空经济新质生产力的发展，推动了对低空开发与利用的迫切需求。低空地理信息技术是实现低空资源开发与利用的基础，为高密度、高动态、高精度低空飞行提供了安全保障与信息底座。然而，目前低空经济仍处于起步阶段，测绘地理信息如何由地面向低空拓展，进而支撑低空经济发展，成为关键科学问题。本文系统分析了低空飞行风险来源，明确了测绘地理信息在低空飞行的风险量化、航路规划、飞行导航、低空应用等方面提供的关键技术支撑。首先，对国内外风险量化技术体系与方法进行归纳与总结，梳理了地物要素、三维建筑、人群流动等动静数据驱动下的风险量化方法；其次，在低空航路规划层面，提出了“单机航迹规划—多机航网优化—低空航路地图”的创新发展阶段，阐述了局部路径规划、航路网络构建与航路地图生成的关键技术；然后，在高精度飞行导航层面，介绍了“北斗+低空”的新型导航系统，为低空飞行提供路径导航与定位服务；最后，在应用层面，分析了测绘地理信息在低空测绘、低空交通、低空应急等领域的产业化应用。因此，测绘地理信息可为低空经济规模化、智能化发展提供低空公共数字基础设施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Advances in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)technology are fostering new forms of productivity in the low-altitude economy and creating an urgent demand for the development and utilization of low-altitude airspace.As a core enabler in this context, geospatial surveying and mapping provides the safety assurance and information backbone needed for high-density, highly dynamic, and high-precision low-altitude flight.However, the low-altitude economy is still in its infancy, and how geospatial information can effectively support its development has become a key scientific question.This paper systematically analyzes the sources of risk in low-altitude flight and clarifies the critical technical roles of geospatial information in risk quantification, route planning, navigation, and applications.Firstly, we review domestic and international frameworks and methods for risk quantification, summarizing approaches driven by both static and dynamic data such as terrain features, 3D buildings, and human mobility.Secondly, at the level of low-altitude route planning, we outline an evolutionary pathway from single-UAV trajectory planning, to multi-UAV network optimization, and ultimately to the construction of low-altitude route maps, and we discuss key techniques for local path planning, route-network design, and route-map generation.Thirdly, in the domain of high-precision navigation, we introduce the emerging “BeiDou+low-altitude” navigation system, which provides positioning and routing services for low-altitude operations.Finally, we examine the industrial applications of geospatial information in low-altitude surveying, low-altitude transportation, and low-altitude emergency response.Overall, geospatial surveying and mapping constitute essential public digital infrastructure for the large-scale and intelligent development of the low-altitude economy.更多还原