【摘要】 阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease, AD）作为一种神经退行性疾病，其主要特征表现为进行性的认知功能衰退与记忆受损，且好发于中老年群体。尽管其病因与发病机制至今仍未完全阐明，但近年来随着MRI技术的不断进步，扩散MRI(diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, dMRI)逐渐展现出其在AD早期诊断、鉴别诊断乃至疗效评估方面的重要价值。目前应用于AD研究的dMRI技术主要包括：体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像（intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion weighted imaging,IVIM-DWI）、水通道蛋白磁共振分子成像（aquaporin magnetic resonance molecular imaging, AQP-MRMI）、扩散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging, DTI）、神经突方向离散度与密度成像（neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, NODDI）以及沿血管周围间隙扩散张量成像分析（diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space, DTI-ALPS）等。本文综述了上述各项dMRI技术在AD研究中的应用现状与最新进展，指出了当前研究的局限性并指出了今后研究的方向，以期为AD的早期诊断及其病理机制的深入探索提供有价值的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment, predominantly affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. Its etiology and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of magnetic resonance imaging techniques, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging(d MRI) has played an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and treatment monitoring of AD. Techniques applied in AD research include intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging(IVIM-DWI), aquaporin magnetic resonance molecular imaging(AQP-MRMI), diffusion tensor imaging(DTI), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging(NODDI), and diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space(DTI-ALPS). This review summarizes the application progress of the aforementioned dMRI techniques in AD, aiming to provide insights for early diagnosis and pathological mechanism research of AD.更多还原