【摘要】 纺织工业是全球水资源消耗和环境污染的主要来源之一，其废水具有高化学需氧量(COD)、高色度、高盐度及成分复杂等特征，处理难度大。系统综述了纺织工业废水中主要污染物的危害、来源及其难去除机制，重点总结了物理法(如膜分离、吸附、过滤)、化学法(如高级氧化、电化学、混凝沉淀)和生物法(如好氧/厌氧处理、生物修复)等处理技术的研究进展，并探讨了联合工艺(如混凝-膜分离、高级氧化-生物处理)在提升处理效率与资源回收方面的应用潜力。最后，对未来纺织废水处理技术的发展方向提出了展望，指出应聚焦低成本功能材料开发、微生物功能强化及智能化运维系统的构建，以实现高效、低碳、资源化的处理目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The textile industry is one of the main sources of global water consumption and environmental pollution. Its wastewater has the characteristics of high chemical oxygen demand(COD), high chroma, high salinity and complex components, posing substantial challenges to treatment. In this paper, a systematic review of the sources, hazards and difficult removal mechanisms of key pollutants in textile industrial wastewater was conducted. The research progress on treatment technologies were emphasized such as physical methods(membrane separation, adsorption, filtration), chemical methods(advanced oxidation, electrochemistry, coagulation sedimentation) and biological methods(aerobic/anaerobic treatment, bioremediation). And the application potential of combined processes(coagulation-membrane separation, advanced oxidation-biological treatment) in enhancing treatment efficiency and resource recovery was explored. Finally, the prospects for the future development of textile wastewater treatment technologies were outlined, highlighting the need to focus on the development of low-cost functional materials, the enhancement of microbial functionality, and the construction of intelligent operation and maintenance systems in order to achieve efficient, low-carbon and resource-oriented treatment goals.更多还原